Cooling Lotion

China Nymphaea tetragona Georgi Amino acids.48 A cooling lotion to apply to eruptive fevers, treat colic, gonorrhea, lower blood pressure. 

Actions and Uses.—Internally — Stimulant, diuretic, and diaphoretic. Alcohol, in the form of ale, brandy, whiskey, or gin, for the larger animals, and in the form of wine for the smaller ones, is employed as a stimulant in colic and tympanitis in the la er stages of influenza, bronchitis, and other inflammatory diseases also in, and during convalescence from, debilitoting complaints. Maternally — Rectifled spirit is added to cooling lotions to in-... 

Menthol is a mild anesthetic and anti-irritant. It causes a cool sensation on the skin, by activating the peripheral cold receptors. It is used in cigarettes, and in topical creams for the relief of sore muscles. It also is used in cough drops, aftershave lotions, inhalers, and cooling gels. 

Preservatives are widely employed in cosmetic preservation for lotions, creams and shampoos. Preservation is also an important aspect of formulation in emulsion paints and cutting fluids, i.e. fluids used to cool and lubricate lathe and drilling tools. 

The family Hamamelidaceae consists of 26 genera and about 100 species of shrubs or tress known to contain tannins and iridoids. The leaves are alternate, simple, and often palmately lobed. The flowers are small and appear in spikes. The fruits are woody, capsular, and scepticidal. In Western medicine, the dried leaves of Hamamelis virginiana (hamamelis, British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1963), yielding not less that 20% of alcohol (45%)-soluble extractive, have been used as astringents for the treatment of hemorrhoids. Hamamelis water (British Pharmaceutical Codex, 1969) made from the stems has been used as a cooling application to sprains and bruises and as a styptic remedy. It is also used in cosmetics and as active ingredient of eye lotions. 

Calamine lotion is mildly astringent, soothing and has a cooling effect. It is therefore useful in itchy skin conditions, such as chickenpox. 

Calamine lotion provides a cooling effect that soothes the skin and may be applied after a jellyfish sting. Jellyfish release histamine, which results in erythema and itchiness. 

Water is the most important component. Wet dressings are generally used to cleanse, cool and relieve pruritus in acutely inflamed lesions, especially where there is much exudation, e.g. atopic eczema. The frequent reapplication and the cooling effect of evaporation of the water reduce the inflammatory response by inducing superficial vasoconstriction. Sodium chloride solution 0.9%, or solutions of astringent substances, e.g. aluminium acetate lotion, or potassium permanganate soaks or compresses of approx. 0.05%, can be used. The use of lotions or... 

Shake lotions, e.g. calamine lotion, are essentially a convenient way of applying a powder to the skin (see Dusting powders, p. 301) with additional cooling due to evaporation of the water. They are contraindicated when there is much exudate because crusts form. Lotions, after evaporation, sometimes produce excessive drpng of the skin, but this can be reduced if oils are included, as in oily calamine lotion. 

Enemas These are available as solutions (aqueous or oily) as well as suspensions for rectal administration of drugs for cleaning, diagnostic, or therapeutic effect. Lotions These are available as solutions and suspensions to be applied topically without friction. They may either contain humectant, so that moisture is retained on the skin after application, or alcohol, which evaporates quickly imparting a cooling sensation to the skin. 

Many modern dermatological formulations are washable oil-in-water systems. Simple aqueous lotions are also used as they have a cooling effect on the skin. Ointments are used for the application of insoluble or oil-soluble medicaments and leave a greasy film on the skin, inhibiting loss of moisture and encouraging the hydration of the keratin layer. Aqueous creams combine the characteristics of the lotions and ointments. A classification of semisolid bases is given in Fig. 9.24. 

In the cosmetics industry, finely dispersed fillers, are used as abrasives (toothpaste, scrub cosmetics), for their light reflecting properties (sunscreen lotions), for their dehydrating and astringent effect (kaolin in face masks), for their cooling effect (zinc oxide in sunburn lotion), and as cosmetic color additives and extenders (makeup). The many different applications require an extensive range of filler properties. 

Beyond these simple considerations, clinicians tend not to apply liniments, which may be alcoholic or oily solutions, to broken skin. Evaporation from aqueous solutions (lotions) cools and soothes the skin which can be valuable when treating inflamed skin sites. Alcohol can increase the soothing effect, but should only be used on intact skin. Paints and tinctures generally contain volatile solvents (e.g. acetone or ether) designed to deposit a layer of the active agent onto the... 

Cool the resulting mixture to room temperature and mix with a water-base dispersion of carbox-yvinyl polymer in the remaining water, whereby the lotion is obtained. 

Sample preparation Ointment. Add pentane EtOH 75 25 to ointment, sonicate for 20 min, dilute an aliquot to 100 mL with MeOH, allow to settle. Centrifiige and filter an aliquot of the supernatant, inject an aliquot of the filtrate. Cream, lotion. Stir cream or lotion in EtOH THF water 25 25 50 at 40° for 15 min, cool in an ice bath. Centrifuge and filter an aliquot of the supernatant, inject an aliquot of the filtrate. Gel. Dissolve gel in EtOH, sonicate, filter, inject an ahquot. 

The cooling sensation makes menthol a desirable additive to aftershave lotions, skin cleansers, lotions, sore throat lozenges, and lip halms. Menthol is also used in a variety of cosmetics applied to the skin and medications for the relief of itching. It is also added to foods such as chewing gums and candies to impart a mint-like flavor. 

All creams, lotions, powders, and the like should be removed before applying a cream to the body, so the chent should be bathed prior to the application of the cream. The nurse then applies a thin layer of cream over the entire body starting at the neck, avoiding the face and urethral meatus, and including the soles of the feet. The skin is allowed to dry and cool after the application. The medication is removed after 8-12 hours by a bath or shower. 

A milder waving lotion, sometimes called a softwave (Table 3-4), can be made in the following manner. Add the laureth-23 to water at 70°C with stirring. Cool to room temperature and dissolve the bisuhite and the suhite. Then, add the fragrance and adjust the pH to 8 with ammonium hydroxide. As with the thiol wave, use oxygen-free water and mix in an inert atmosphere. 

For the lotion developer of Table 4-2, dissolve the dodecyl benzene sulfonate and nonoxynol-9 in water. Heat to 60°C and add the melted cetyl and stearyl alcohols while stirring. Cool and add the phosphoric acid and the hydrogen peroxide. See Table 4-3 for an example of a booster powder. 

For example, the transparent UV-Pearls that are the basic ingredients for advanced sunsaeens need to be totally leach-proof in order to retain the encapsulated UV absorber and ensure prolonged action of the lotion applied to the skin. Hence, the porosity of the silica capsules must be negligible such as in the case of capsules obtained from accelerated basic sol-gel polycondensation. On the other hand, the Cool Pearls doped with BPO to treat acne need to be porous to ensure controlled... 

The majority of antipruritic preparations are shake lotions, which besides having such active ingredients as have been mentioned, may contain allergenic fragrances and preservatives. Zinc oxide, often added because of its cooling effect on the skin is completely non-sensitizing but can produce black dermographia in the presence of jewelry. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2, NOx NFPA Health 1, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Storage Store in cool, well-ventilated area keep away from ignition sources and naked flame Uses Synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals oxidation-corrosion stabilizer for combustion engine lubricants sunscreen lotions... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, CO2 emits toxic fumes underfire conditions Storage Store in cool, dry place keep tightly closed keep away from heat, open flame Uses Fragrance in cosmetics, perfumes, alcoholic lotions, shampoos, foam baths, antiperspirants, deodorant sticks, soaps, detergents, acid cleaners, bleaches, fabric softeners, hard surf, cleaners Features Nondiscoloring Use Level 20% max. 

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