Jellyfish sting

Q84 Calam ine lotion may be applied after a jellyfish sting. Jellyfish release histamine that causes erythema. 

Dilute acetic acid solutions containing up to 10% w/w of acetic acid have been used topically following jellyfish stings. Dilute acetic acid solutions containing up to 5% w/w of acetic acid have also been applied topically to treat wounds and burns infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosaP ... 

Fenner PJ, Williamson JA. Worldwide deaths and severe enveno-mation from jellyfish stings. Med J Aust 1996 165 658-661. 

Kimball (2004). Kimball AB, Arambula KZ, Stauffer AR, et al. Efficacy of a jellyfish sting inhibitor in preventing jellyfish stings in normal volunteers. Wilderness Environ Med 2004 15 102-108. 

A. Deaths from jellyfish stings in the Northern Hemisphere are rare and almost always due to the Portuguese man-o-war Physalia sp), though Chirop-salmus quadmmanus (a type of box jellyfish) was implicated in the death of a child off the coast of Texas. 

O Reilly GM et al Prospective study of Jellyfish stings from tropical Australia, including the trtajor box jeiiyfish Chironex fleckeri. Med J Aust 2001 175(11-12) 652-655. [PMID 11837877] (Review of causes and ciinical courses of 40 pafients with jel ish stings-mostly C fleckeri-presenting to a hospitai in tropical Australia. None of the cases was severe and none required antivenom.)... 

Does putting urine on a jellyfish sting really help ... 

Key words jellyfish blooms, fish farming, fouling, public aquaria, jellyfish stings. 

ANON (1996) Jellyfish stings kill Scottish salmon . Fish Farm Int 23. 

Cnidaria Jellyfish, corals, sea Two body layers, stinging cells,... 

In South America, the papaya (probably for its papain content) is used as a home remedy for jellyfish, bee, and wasp stings mosquito and snake bites and even stingray wounds (efficacy uncertain), for its ability to break down protein toxins in the venom. It is also an ingredient in some first aid creams and may be used as an enzymatic agent for treating infected skin wounds. 

Tentacles of the dactylozooids bear the stinging nematocysts common to jellyfish for the paralyzation of small fish and other prey. The Gastrozooids attach to an immobilized victim, spread over it, and digest it. The Bluebottle itself... 

Coelenterate (cnidarian) toxins are found in venomous jellyfish and sea anemones. They produce not only severe pain, but also contact dermatitis that may include hemolysis and scarification. Some jellyfish envenomations are fatal, to include stings by both large (Chironex fleckeri) and small (Carukia barnesi) Australian box jellyfish (Watters, 2006a). Anaphylaxis may occur with species that have less toxic venoms. Prevention from envenomation by those who enter the marine environment is therefore clinically important. 

Normura (2002). Normura JT, Sato RL, Ahem RM, et al. A randomized paired comparison trial of cutaneous treatments of acute jellyfish (Carybdea alata) stings. AmJEmerg Med 2002 20 624—626. 

Thomas (2001). Thomas CS, Scott SA, Galanis DJ, et al. Box jellyfish (Carybdea alata) in Waikiki their influx cycle plus the analgesic effect of hot and cold packs on their stings to swimmers at the beach a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Haw Med J 2001 60 100-107. 

You may have heard of this before, but it seems that it may just be an old wives tale. Washing the area of the sting with saltwater is recommended so as to deactivate any of the stinging cells from the jellyfish that may be present on your own skin. Fresh water may actually reactivate the cells that caused the sting, causing you further pain. 

Jellyfish present both opportunities and challenges for the aquaculture industry. They can produce economic gains or losses. In the first section, we review the fisheries and culture of jellyfish for human food, multi-miUion-dollar industries with markets currently centered in Asia. Interest in jellyfish has increased around the world in recent decades, both for public aquarium exhibition, where they offer economic and educational opportunities, and for scientific study, because the problems jellyfish cause have increased in coastal waters. Thus, in the second section, we present guidelines for culture conditions and tank construction for display or study of 27 jellyfish species. Although some jellyfish species benefit human health and economics, most are considered to be harmful, resulting in many millions of dollars in costs annually. Human problems with jellyfish include stinging and the costs associated with prevention, treatment, and loss of tourism. 

Mansson T, Randle HW, Maudojana RM, Calton CJ, Burnett JW (1985) Recurrent cutaneous jellyfish eruptions without en-venomation. Acta Derm Venereol 65 72-75 Maretec Z, Russel FE (1963) Stings by the sea Anemonia sulcata in the Adriatic sea. J Trop Med Hyg 32 891-894 Meneghini CL (1972) Cases of sea urchin granuloma with positive intradermal test to spine extracts. Contact Dermatitis Newsletter 12 316... 

Cnidarians are a group of marine animals with stinging structures called nematocysts. Examples include jellyfish, anemones, hydroids, Portuguese man-of-war, and corals (Soppe 1989). They contribute to the myriad of aquatic dermatoses affecting athletes and recreational participants. 

You play an oceanographic researcher who stumbles upon this emerging danger. Using what you know, you fashion weapons based on some of the offensive and defensive systems used by sting rays, jellyfish, and octopi. 

Irukandji syndrome, which follows a sting from the jellyfish called Carukia barnesi, found in Far North Queensland, Australia, presents with sympathetic overdrive, with direct pressor effects and tachycardia secondary to sudden release of endogenous noradrenaline and adrenaline it can include stress cardiomyopathy [24 ]. 

Tetramethyl ammoniom hydroxide, (CHgl N+OH-, is the toxin in the stings of jellyfish, and displays marked curare-like properties. 

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