Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

CONTROL OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONATORS

Up to this point in this book, we have looked at distillation columns that separate specific chemical components. In the refining of crude oil, mixmres of many thousands of components must be handled. These components vary from quite fight hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, etc.) to very high-molecular-weight components that boil at extremely high temperatures. Petroleum refineries have units that separate (by distillation) and transform (by a variety of reactions) these mixtures. [Pg.309]

Cmde oil as it comes from the ground is usually a mixture of saturated hydrocarbons, such as paraffins and naphthenes. The effluent of a cat cracker contains both saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as aromatics and olefins. These differences in the type of [Pg.309]

Distillation Design and Control Using Aspeti Simulation, Second Edition. William L. Luyben. 2013 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Published 2013 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. [Pg.309]


Until further information is obtained on the response of citrus trees to differences in the composition of petroleum oil, estimation of the practical value of the differences indicated between the two series of petroleum fractions on the basis of viscosity, in the control of citrus red mite, is limited. However, the conventional spray oils used in southern Califomia for the control of citrus red mite are applied at dosages six to seven times the LDm values indicated in Figiue 4 for oils having a molecular weight of 340 or above. Proper selection of oils with respect to molecular weight might make it possible to achieve good field control of citrus red mite with applications of much smaller amounts of oil. [Pg.35]

Emulsives are solutions of toxicant in water-immiscible organic solvents, commonly at 15 ndash 50%, with a few percent of surface-active agent to promote emulsification, wetting, and spreading. The choice of solvent is predicated upon solvency, safety to plants and animals, volatility, flammabiUty, compatibihty, odor, and cost. The most commonly used solvents are kerosene, xylenes and related petroleum fractions, methyl isobutyl ketone, and amyl acetate. Water emulsion sprays from such emulsive concentrates are widely used in plant protection and for household insect control. [Pg.301]

Reduce harmful impurities in petroleum fractions and residues to control pollution and to avoid poisoning certain processing catalysts. For example, hydrotreatment of naphtha feeds to catalytic reformers is essential because sulfur and nitrogen impurities poison the catalyst. [Pg.55]

Carbon monoxide may be prepared by several methods. Large scale production is carried out by controlled oxidation of natural gas or by the catalytic steam reforming of methane or light petroleum fractions. The products obtained are mixtures of CO, H2, and CO2. It also is made by gasification of coal and coke with oxygen at about 1,500°C. [Pg.188]

The relatively recent development of isoparaffinic fractions from petroleum has resulted in experimental products of a very low order of toxicity to plant tissues. Initial studies have also indicated that selected isoparaffinic fractions are of a high order of toxicity to some insects or their eggs. The future development of isoparaffinic oils may result in new and important contributions to pest control on agricultural crops. [Pg.37]

It appeared desirable to use a method which was relatively simple, and generally known, in initial efforts to correlate data on the phytotoxicity of isoparaffinic fractions with an acceptable quality control procedure. The determination of acid number (value), a common petroleum laboratory procedure, was employed in the current study. [Pg.40]

Quality control standards have been developed for the new petroleum weed killers and laboratory techniques have been worked out tor testing and establishing the suitability of a given petroleum fraction for a specific herbicidal use. Although attempts to correlate herbicidal action with physical and chemical tests have not been entirely successful, the use of additional specific t ts to determine the chemical composition of the fraction has served as an indicator of toxicity in the specific composition under study. [Pg.101]

This article reviews information gathered from these areas of research which provides the bulk of our present knowledge of metabolism of OSC in petroleum. The order of presentation is that of increasing experimental control over the microbial activities. First, observations of the persistence of OSC in petroleum-contaminated environments and their occurrence in petroleum reservoirs will be presented. In these situations, we exert little or no control over the microbial activities which occur. Next, results from laboratory studies with crude petroleum or petroleum fractions will be presented. Finally, laboratory work with pure OSC will be summarized. Using the latter controlled conditions, metabolic intermediates and pathways for a few OSC have been elucidated. [Pg.102]


See other pages where CONTROL OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONATORS is mentioned: [Pg.309]    [Pg.310]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.314]    [Pg.318]    [Pg.320]    [Pg.322]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.328]    [Pg.332]    [Pg.334]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.344]    [Pg.346]    [Pg.348]    [Pg.350]    [Pg.354]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.310]    [Pg.312]    [Pg.314]    [Pg.318]    [Pg.320]    [Pg.322]    [Pg.326]    [Pg.328]    [Pg.332]    [Pg.334]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.342]    [Pg.344]    [Pg.346]    [Pg.348]    [Pg.350]    [Pg.354]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.55]    [Pg.1912]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.492]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.640]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.120]    [Pg.176]    [Pg.178]    [Pg.406]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.434]   


SEARCH



Controls fractionator

Fractionation petroleum

Fractions of petroleum

Petroleum fractions

© 2024 chempedia.info