Control and treatment technologies

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1981). Summary Report Control and Treatment Technology for Metal Finishing Industry Ion Exchange, EPA 625/8-81-007. 

USEPA. 1982. Control and Treatment Technology for the Metal finishing Industry In-Plant Changes. 

EPA. January 1982. Control and Treatment Technology for the Metal Finishing Industry—In-Plant Changes. Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio. EPA 625/8-82-008. 

In the development of effluent guidelines, each industry was subdivided into discrete categories based on processes employed. The range of control and treatment technology used by or indicated for each category was evaluated to determine what constituted "best practicable" and "best available" technology. 

As a result of variation shown in toxicity, the evaluation of technologies applicable for discharge control, and treatment by some compounds within the industrial chemicals, the SIC 281 groups are further subdivided into 11 subcategories.23 They are aluminum fluoride, chlor-alkali, chrome pigments, copper sulfate, hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen cyanide, nickel sulfate, sodium bisulfate, sodium... 

Accurate and precise identifications and measurements of specific chemical substances are fundamental to environmental studies and protection programs. Determinations are required to understand natural background concentrations of chemicals in the environment, the nature and extent of environmental pollution by anthropogenic chemicals, trends in concentrations of these substances, the transport and fate of chemical substances, and the causes of variations of concentrations intime and space. Accurate and precise determinations are also required to assess human health and ecological risks caused by exposure to natural and anthropogenic substances, establish air and water quality standards, develop pollution control strategies, evaluate the effectiveness of pollution prevention and treatment technologies, and monitor compliance with and the effectiveness... 

The book consists of two major sections—Principles and Application. Each section covers several major subject areas. The Principles section is divided into the following parts I. Water Chemistry and Mineral Solubility II. Soil Minerals and Surface Chemical Properties and III. Electrochemistry and Kinetics. The Application section also covers several subject areas IV. Soil Dynamics and Agricultural-Organic Chemicals V. Colloids and Transport Processes in Soils VI. Land-Disturbance Pollution and Its Control VII. Soil and Water Quality and Treatment Technologies. Each subject area contains one to three chapters. 

It is evident therefore, that landfill gas production may be increased significantly by the addition of water, but that the volume of leachate will necessarily increase. The addition of water is a key requirement of the bioreactor landfill, and arguments relating to the advisability and technology of this landfill principle are discussed in Chapter 7. If the rates of waste degradation within landfill are to be increased, then optimisation of moisture content and flow is essential. For this to be achieved, effective control and treatment of leadiate will be necessary. However, the addition of excess moisture may not be necessary The moisture content of municipal solid waste is typically 20-30% in develop ... 

This work was financially supported by the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (12ZR1410000), National science and technology major project of water pollution control and treatment (2012ZX07414-001). We also appreciate the assistance of Shanghai Safbon water service Co. Ltd. in the experimental setup operation. 

Treatment Standards of Liquid Redox Waste in California, State of California Department of Health Services, Toxic Substances Control Program, Alternative Technology Division, June 1990 TuphurPolymer Cement Concrete, Design and Construction Manual, The Sulphur Institute, Washington, D.C., 1994. 

Optimized modern dry scrubbing systems for incinerator gas cleaning are much more effective (and expensive) than their counterparts used so far for utility boiler flue gas cleaning. Brinckman and Maresca [ASME Med. Waste Symp. (1992)] describe the use of dry hydrated lime or sodium bicarbonate injection followed by membrane filtration as preferred treatment technology for control of acid gas and particulate matter emissions from modular medical waste incinerators, which have especially high dioxin emissions. 

Table 8 provides a list of pollution prevention practices for reducing air emissions in mini steel mills. Standard treatment technologies for air emissions are as follows. Dust emission control technologies include cyclones, baghouses, and ESPs. Scrubbers are used to control acid mists. 

Make no mistake about it - air pollution abatement, especially based upon end-of-pipe treatment technologies is expensive. Not too long ago the prevailing attitude among industry stakeholders was that air pollution control was simply a part of the cost of doing business, and that add-on costs associated with compliance simply had to be passed on to the consumer s purchase price for products. With the intensity of international competition in the chemical and allied industries, this philosophy simply does not cut it anymore. 

This brings us to some very basic principles of cost accounting. These concepts were covered in the first volume of this series Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies), but we will repeat a portion of them here because of their particular relevance to plarming air pollution control projects. The... 

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