Glass-ceramics consumer applications

Neoceram N-11 glass-ceramic are shown in Table 4-11. Because of these properties, this white glass-ceramic can be used in a number of consumer-oriented applications, including flat, smooth products such as stove tops, hot plates in microwave ovens, or the inner cladding of microwave ovens. At the same time, however, it is possible to produce glass-ceramics of curved or almost any desired shape (Wada 1998). 

RCF is sold in a variety of forms, such as loose fiber, blanket, boards, modules, doth, cements, putties, paper, coatings, felt, vacuum-formed shapes, rope, braid, tape, and textiles. The products are principally used for industrial applications as insulation in furnaces, heaters, kiln linings, furnace doors, metal launders, tank car insulation, and other uses up to 1400°C. RCF-consuming industries indude ferrous and nonferrous metals, petrochemical, ceramic, glass, chemical, fertilizer, transportation, construction, and power generation/incineration. Some newer uses include commercial fire protection and applications in aerospace, eg, heat shields and automotive, eg, catalytic converters, metal reinforcement, heat shields, brake pads, and airbags. 

Disodium Tetraborate Pentahydr ate. Refined pentahydrate consumed in the United States is used in insulation fiber glass, glass, fertilizers, and herbicides. Smaller amounts are used in antifreeze (see Antifreezes and deicing fluids), ceramic glazes, and cleaning agents. About 40% of the pentahydrate produced in the United States is exported (101). A large-scale application of this chemical is in the preparation of perborate bleaches. 

Whereas the worldwide production of zinc oxide [1314-13-2] is estimated to be around 500,000 t annually, only about 75,000—100,000 t are used for pigmentary applications by the paint industry. About 250,000 t are consumed by the rubber industry, and the rest is used in the production of plastics, paper, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, ceramics, and glass (see Zinc compounds). 

Applications The most important utilization sector for barium carbonate is the manufacture of clay tiles and ceramic products, the addition of barium carbonate hindering the bleeding of salts (sodium and calcium sulfate). In the USA 30% of the consumption is devoted to this use. A further 30% is consumed in the glass industry (e.g. for the manufacture of optically special glasses and television screens). About 20%i is used in the manufacture of other barium compounds. Other uses are in special... 

G.J. Fine, Consumer houseware applications, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol. 4 Ceramics and Glasses, ASM International, 1991, pp. 1100-1103. 

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