Consolidation definition

Consolidation. Metal powders are consoHdated by heat or by pressure followed by heat, or by heating during the appHcation of pressure (17). ConsoHdation produces a coherent mass of definitive size and shape for further working, heat treating, or use as is. 

Definitive effort-hour estimating data is used to develop specific detail estimates. Composite effort-hour data is presented as a guide for quick estimating methods. All material quantities have been consolidated into an average for a given amount of material and do not include any specialty items. All effort-hour units and material quantities are based on a typical installation, and each material type should be reviewed carefully for various differences. 

Another striking characteristic of aversive memories is their abiUty to reconsolidate on reactivation. By definition, memories should be insensitive to disruption, for instance by electroconvulsive shocks or drugs, once they have been consohdated. This is, in fact, the case as long as the treatments do not coincide with memory recall. Reactivation of a memory, however, makes it labile again because of reconsoUdation processes (Sara 2000 Nader 2003). Reconsolidation resembles consolidation in that similar cascades of molecular... 

Thus, the impressive size of BASF s Fine Chemical Division is due to a BASF-specific definition of the term fine chemicals. In fact, the division, which is part of the business segment Agricultural Products Nutrition produces large volume aroma chemicals (a.o. 40,000 metric tons/year of citral) and vitamins (A, B2, C and E), as well as several lines of specialty chemicals (a.o. excipients and personal care products). Fine chemicals as defined in Section 1.1 account for about 150 million ( 190 million) in 2006, after full consolidation of the Swiss Fine Chemical company Orgamol, acquired in 2005. BASF holds a leading position in ibuprofen (made in USA), coffein and pseudoephedrin (made in Germany). BASF forecasts a further increase to 500 million ( 625 million) within 10 years which should make it the third largest fine-chemical company. 

The productivity and regenerative capacity of organic systems depend upon an appropriate balance between specialisation and diversity, between standardisation and individuality, and between consolidation and devolution of control. Lady Eve Balfour, in commenting on the definition of organic farming as opposed to conventional farming (Balfour 1977), said ... 

The consolidated titanate waste pellets are similar in appearance to their glass counterparts, i.e., both are dense, black and apparently homogeneous. Microscopic analyses, however, reveal important differences between these two waste forms. While little definitive work has been done with glassy waste forms, it is apparent that several readily soluble oxide particulates of various nuclides are simply encapsulated in the glass matrix. The titanate waste form has undergone extensive analyses which includes optical microscopy, x-ray, scanning electron microscopy, microprobe, and transmission electron microscopy (l ) The samples of titanate examined were prepared by pressure sintering and consisted of material from a fully loaded titanate column. Zeolite and silicon additions were also present in the samples. 

There are three definitions needed to accurately describe this process. (1) Compaction is the compression and consolidation of a two-phase (particulate solid/gas) system by the application of an external force (2) compression causes an increase in the apparent density (or a reduction in volume) by the displacement of air and (3) consolidation is defined as an increase in mechanical strength due to particle-particle interaction [1,2]. 

The challenge remains for consolidating a fully acceptable structural model of HS. The macromolecular model, until recently well-accepted, has been questioned and a supramolecular model has been proposed. However, additional efforts must be devoted to have a more definitive structural model for HS and spectroscopic methods combined with other analytical tools would be essential in this endeavor. 

Table 8.1 describes the steps of the methodology in more detail. The procedure starts with the Problem definition production rate, chemistry, product specifications, safety, health and environmental constraints, physical properties, available technologies. Then, a first evaluation of feasibility is performed by an equilibrium design. This is based on a thermodynamic analysis that includes simultaneous chemical and physical equilibrium (CPE). The investigation can be done directly by computer simulation, or in a more systematic way by building a residue curve map (RCM), as explained in the Appendix A. This step will identify additional thermodynamic experiments necessary to consolidate the design decisions, mainly phase-equilibrium measurements. Limitations set by chemical equilibrium or by thermodynamic boundaries should be analyzed here. 

This definition of CBCs was established by Della Roy and Rustum Roy [6,20,21]. While Della Roy emphasized formation of modified conventional hydraulic cements, Rusmm Roy used CBC to mean formation of more general ceramics made at room temperature by techniques such as ultrasonic signals in aqueous phosphate systems. We extend this generalization further to include all inorganic materials that are consolidated into a hard mass by chemical reactions and not by sintering. 

See text for definitions of induction, consolidation, suppressive/maintenance therapy, and prophylactic therapy. 

Thus, a plot of In versus t yields the result shown in Figure 4, where "a" Ras the same definition as above. Similar results are obtained upon plotting the data for Consolidation, Georgetown, Midland, Kaiser Steel and Knife River coals. 

Quantitative methods are assays that result in meaningful numeric measurements for a characteristic of a product. Quantitative methods are used in assessing whether final product meets specifications. They are also used to measure product quality (or quantity) in various stages of manufactuiing and the results are often used in quality control charts. Validation is an objective process used to determine whether a quantitative method is performing as expected and is appropriate for its intended use. This chapter provides the motivation behind validation, some terms and definitions used in validation, a consolidated statistically sound approach to validation, along with appropriate statistical analysis, and reporting of validation results. A hypothetical but realistic example is presented and is used to illustrate the validation process. 

Once the concept of molecular structure vas definitively consolidated by the successes of quantum-chemistry theories and the approaches to the calculation of numerical indices encoding molecular structure information vere accepted, all the constitutive elements for the take-off of QSAR strategies vere available. 

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