Productivity, measure

We define the inner product measurement of the tensor field with respect to "probe d... 

If A is invertible for all m and oj then the complete Radon transform of the tensor field is easily obtained from the inner product measurements using... 

Between 1869 and the beginning of World War I, most of the world s supply of potassium salts came from the Stassfurt deposits in Germany. During World War I, U.S. production, measured as K2O, rose from 1000 metric tons in 1914 to 41,500 t in 1919. Following the end of World War I, U.S. production declined as imports increased. By the time the United States entered World War II, however, production had expanded enough to meet domestic needs. Since then, production has fluctuated, but has fallen below consumption as of the mid-1990s. Total annual U.S. demand peaked at 6.9 X 10 t in 1979 and has leveled off at approximately 5.1 to 5.5 million t. Canada is the principal potash exporter. 

Roundwood equivalent is also sometimes used. It refers to the volume of logs or other round products required to produce a given quantity of lumber, plywood, wood pulp, and other wood products (2). Roundwood equivalents may be used ia assessiag the overall wood resource supply and demand or ia comparing wood products measured ia different units. 

Is precision of production measuring equipment routinely monitored (via control charts or other similar techniques) ... 

Opportunities for improvement can be identified through Process and product measurement systems System audits... 

The standard requires the results of process studies to be documented with specifications for means of production, measurement and test, and maintenance instructions. 

The only statistical techniques which need control are those used to determine the acceptability of a product or service or the capability of a process that produces the product or service. Any activity where you rely on statistical evidence rather than physical measurement is an activity which should be governed by these requirements. The use of recognized techniques is important to the confidence one has in the result. It is similar to the use of measuring equipment that has been calibrated against known standards of accuracy. Unless you actually check every product, measure every attribute or variable you cannot be 100% certain. But that is costly and you can be 99.99% certain by using statistical techniques 99.99% may be sufficiently accurate for your needs. 

A method that has been the standard of choice for many years is the Lowry procedure. This method uses Cn ions along with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, a combination of phosphomolybdic and phosphotnngstic acid complexes that react with Cn. Cn is generated from Cn by readily oxidizable protein components, such as cysteine or the phenols and indoles of tyrosine and tryptophan. Although the precise chemistry of the Lowry method remains uncertain, the Cn reaction with the Folin reagent gives intensely colored products measurable spectrophotometrically. 

Experimental techniques used in the kinetic investigation of solid decompositions (described in Chap. 2) may need modification for the study of rate processes which yield no gaseous products. Measurements... 

Figure 8 shows the simultaneous measurement of Ca as determined by Quin-2 and oxidant production measured by PHPA (33). 

The conventional analytical process is comprised of sampling — sample preparation —> analysis —> calculation —> approval of results — report — decision.93 The introduction of productivity measurements to focus attention on continuous improvement and improving the reliability of assays to eliminate re-analysis can aid in re-engineering the process for greater efficiency.93 Automation is another important aspect of improving efficiency.94 The rate-limiting steps in many industrial laboratories, however, may precede or... 

Various aspects of in vitro gas production test have been reviewed by Getachew et al. [33], and these authors reported that gas measurement were centered on investigations of rumen microbial activities using manometric measurements and concluded that these methods do not have wide acceptability in routine feed evaluation since there was no provision for the mechanical stirring of the sample during incubation. Another in vitro automated pressure transducer method for gas production measurement was developed by Wilkins [34], and the method was validated by Blummel and Orskov [35] and Makkar et al. [36]. There are several other gas-measuring techniques such as (i) Flohenheim gas method or Menke s method [37] (ii) liquid displacement system [38] (iii) manometric method [39] (iv) pressure transducer systems manual [40], computerized [41], and combination of pressure transducer and gas release system [42]. 

Establishment of data quality programs which will result in consistent and reliable radon and radon decay products measurements for both individuals and governmental agencies. 

Numerous radon and radon decay measurements in houses are now being made by a large number of private and governmental organizations. In order to assure valid and consistent measurements, it is important that proven methods be used following standardized procedures. To address this need, EPA issued "Interim Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Protocols" and established a Radon/Radon Progeny Measurement Proficiency program. 

In February 1986, EPA issued a document (Ronca-Battista et al., 1986) titled "Interim Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Protocols," describing seven methods for measuring radon and its decay products in houses. The methods addressed are those that have been evaluated by EPA and found to be satisfactory other methods may be added as they are reviewed by EPA. In addition, portions of the document may be revised as new information and data becomes available. 

E., Interim Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurement Protocols, EPA 520/1-8604, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (April 1986). 

In radiation chemistry, the track effect is synonymous with LET variation of product yield. Usually, the product measured is a new molecule or a quasi-stable radical, but it can also be an electron that has escaped recombination or a photon emitted in a luminescent process. Here LET implies, by convention, the initial LET, although the actual LET varies along the particle track also, the secondary electrons frequently represent regions of heterogeneous LET against the background of the main particle. 

This technique allows us to separate the total product spectrum into an al and an a2 contribution. This also highlights the point that for this technique to give accurate results, the product spectrum needs to be determined very accurately, especially in the region that is used to calculate a2. Small variations in the products measured will skew the a2 determination and result in the inaccurate product separation. This only highlights the fact that care should be taken with... 

Important studies were performed by Trush and coworkers [42], who showed the advantages of applying lucigenin-amplified CL for the measurement of superoxide production by mitochondria in unstimulated monocytes and macrophages as well as by isolated mitochondria [43,44]. Later on, these authors have shown that mitochondrial superoxide production measured by lucigenin-amplified CL increased in the liver of rats treated with the promoter of hepatocarcinogenesis ethinyl estradiol [45], in liver from obese mice [46], and in children with Down syndrome [47]. 

Ewins, D.J., D.V. Weseloh, and P. Mineau. 1992. Geographical distribution of contaminants and productivity measures of herring gulls in the Great Lakes Lake Huron 1980. Jour. Great Lakes Res. 18 316-330. 

For almost any experiment that involves a light microscope, quantitative data to test a hypothesis may be obtained by microphotometry. Add a photometer and a few accessories to a light microscope, and it may be possible to quantify a cytochemical reaction product, measure the spectrum of a pigment, quantify natural or induced fluorescence, quantify birefringence, or map and analyze an image. But manually collecting thousands of numbers is unbelievably tedious. The solution is obvious. Use a personal computer (PC) to collect the numbers. 

For the reaction, A => Products, measurements of the rate as a function of the concentration were made with a CSTR. 

Fluorides of the lantlmnides, yttrium, and scsmdium normally precipitate from aqueous media as the hemihydrates, LnF3-MsH20. It is these hemihydrates which are in equilibrium with saturated solution, and the solubility-product measurements refer to these hemihydrates. 

Sulfur dioxide was the major volatile product and was used as a probe to correlate the radiation resistance with polymer structure. The use of biphenol in the polymer reduced G(SO ) by 60% compared with bisphenol A based systems (Bis-A PSF). Surprisingly, the isopro-pylidene group was shown to be remarkably radiation resistant. The ultimate tensile strain decreased with dose for all polysulfones investigated and the rate of decrease correlated well with the order of radiation resistance determined from volatile product measurements. The fracture toughness (K ) of Bis-A PSF also decreased with irradiation dose, but the biphenol based system maintained its original ductility. 

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