Oxide solubilities

Cla.riGers. Pool water may occasionally contain metallic impurities such as copper, iron, or manganese which enter the pool with the makeup water or by corrosion of metallic parts in the circulation system. These dissolved metals can discolor the water and cause stains. Chlorine oxidizes soluble Fe and to the highly insoluble Fe(OH)3 and MnO which can be removed by filtration. Water-soluble, high molecular weight polymers can be... 

Bignold has postulated that increasing flow increases both mass transfer and by lowering the free corrosion potential the oxide solubility. This would lead to a higher dependency on mass transfer than expected. 

Meyer RE, Arnold WD, Case FI, O Kelly GD (1988) Thermodynamic properties of Tc(IV) oxides solubilities and the electrode potential of the Tc(VII)/Tc(IV) oxides couple NUREG/CR-5108 ORNL-6480... 

More and better solubility data for simple and complex oxides (glasses, UO2 matrices) at elevated temperatures and pressures and improved techniques for measuring small solubilities. Solubility data for simple oxides provide thermochemical data, free energies in particular, which allow prediction of solubilities for complex oxides. Solubility data for some complex oxides are also necessary in order to verify the methods of predictions for complex oxides and establish key points. 

Iron hydrolysis and solubility revisited Observations and comments on iron hydrolyses characterizations. Marine Chem. 70 23—38 Byrne, R.H. Kester, D.R. (1976) Solubility of hydrous ferric oxide and iron speciation in seawater. Marine Chem. 4 255—274 Byrne, R.H. Luo,Y.-R. (2000) Direct observations of nonintegral hydreno ferric oxide solubility products K Sq = [Fe ][H ] Geo-chim. Cosmochim. Acta 64 1873-1877 Cabrera, F. de Arambarri, P. Madrid, L. ... 

White gelatinous precipitate decomposes on heating, forming oxide soluble in acids and ammonium carbonate solution insoluble in alkalis. 

Vigneshwaran, N., Kumar, S., Kathe, A. A., Varadarajan, P. V, Prasad, V. (2006). Functional finishing of cotton fabricsusing zinc oxide-soluble starch nanocomposites. Nanotechnology, 17, 5087-5095. 

The cell design is similar to that of the hydrogen-nickel system. There are problems with silver oxide solubility in the alkaline electrolyte, but charge retention is comparable with that of nickel-cadmium. 

Zinc is a bluish-white metal, malleable and ductile at 150°C, but at 180°C it changes rapidly so that at 205°C it may be easily powdered remains lustrous in dry air but is slightly tarnished in moist air or in water burns upon heating to vaporization with a bluish flame, forming zinc oxide soluble in acids—slowly when pure but rapidly on contact with copper or platinum soluble in alkalies. Discovery prehistoric. 

Eka -Aluminum, Ea (Gallium, Ga) 1875 Atomic mass Density Melting point Formula of its oxide Solubility of its oxide 68 g/mol 6 g/mL Low Ea203 Soluble in ammonia solution 69.7 g/mol 5.96 g/mL 30°C Ga203 Soluble in ammonia solution... 

Several operations may be employed to treat water prior to use. Aeration is used to drive off odorous gases, such as H2S, and to oxidize soluble Fe2+ and Mn2+ ions to insoluble forms. Lime is added to remove dissolved calcium (water hardness). A12(S04)3 forms a sticky precipitate of Al(OH)3, which causes very tine particles to settle. Various filtration and settling processes are employed to treat water. Chlorine, Cl2, is added to kill bacteria. Formation of undesirable byproducts of water chlorination may be avoided by disinfection with chlorine dioxide, C102, or ozone, 03. 

Jayaweera IS, Valyashko VM. Supercritical water oxidation solubility of mixed salt systems. Manuscript in preparation, 2003. 

FIG. 7 Titration curves of suspension containing metal oxide. Only metal oxide solubility is taken into account—adsorption processes are neglected. 

Na20 + h2o — 2Na+ + 20H. A very characteristic reaction for metal oxides. Soluble metal oxides (like this one) are known as basic anhydrides because they dissolve in water to form basic solutions. You can also treat it like a double-replacement reaction. 

Another mechanism that could influence the solubilization of trace metals under reducing conditions could be the displacement of exchangeable metals by high concentrations of dissolved Mn released following the dissolution of Mn oxides. Soluble Ca and Mg have been observed to increase following soil reduction, and this has been attributed to the displacement of those cations from exchange sites by dissolved Mn and Fe.13,14 This process may be described by the reaction ... 

When the ore contains cuprous sulphide this salt is converted into a soluble form cupric sulphate, soluble in water cupric oxide, soluble in hydrochloric or sulphuric acid cupric chloride, soluble in water, or cuprous chloride, soluble in solutions of metallic chlorides. 

Nitric oxide, soluble gas from macrophages, endothelial cells... 

As discussed in Chapters 4 and 5, CBPC formation is governed by the oxide solubility. The solubility, in turn, is related to the Gibbs free energy, which is a function of temperature and pressure. As a result, the CBS formulation depends on the downhole temperature and pressure. The effect of the temperature on the solubility has already been discussed in Section 6.4. The pressure effect can be assessed in a similar manner, but as we shall see, it is negligibly small and can be ignored for all practical purposes. 

If we assume in Eq. 15.6 that the volume change AV does not depend on the temperature and pressure, we can write AVf = AVq, and the last two terms on the right-hand side reduce to (Pf — Pq)AVq. Calculations from this equation, based on the ionic radii of the right-hand side and the molecular radii of the left-hand side (see Ref. [4] for these data) of Eq. 15.3, indicate that AVq is very small even at a high pressure difference (Pf — Pq) Therefore, the pressure effects on the oxide solubility can be ignored, and the only variable one needs to consider while formulating the CBS slurry is the downhole temperature. 

Byrne R. H. and Luo Yu-Ran (2000) Direct observations of nonintegral hydrous ferric oxide solubility products K so = [Fe ][H ] —2.86. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64, 1873-1877. 

Tableau 6.3a. (Hydr)oxide Solubility as Influenced by Hydrolysis Gibbsite a-Al(OH)3 (25 C, / = 0) ...

---