Conditions of use

Most flow meters are designed and caHbrated for use on turbulent flow, by far the more common fluid condition. Measurements of laminar flow rates may be seriously in error unless the meter selected is insensitive to velocity profile or is specifically caHbrated for the condition of use. 

Labeling Regulations. The Food, Dmg and Cosmetics Act requires that the cosmetic product be safe under conditions of use and that labeling is not false or misleading. Under this Act, the labeling of a cosmetic product must contain the name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor the net contents and any appropriate warnings. This information must appear on the label of the product, both inner and outer containers. 

Condition of Use. The selection of suitable antioxidants is highly dependent on the conditions under which the mbber product is to be used. 

A thorough review of the health aspects of talc was presented ia an EDA-sponsored seminar ia Bethesda, Maryland, ia January 1994 (9). The executive summary states that the probabiUty of human risk is likely nonexistent under customary conditions of use. Used for decades ia a wide variety of cosmetic and other appHcations, talc has proven to be among the safest of all consumer products. 

Toxicity, the potential to produce harmful effects, is to be clearly differentiated from hazard, which is the likelihood that a particular material will exhibit its known toxicity under specific conditions of use. 

Ha2ard is the likelihood that the known toxicity of a material will be exhibited under specific conditions of use. It follows that the toxicity of a material, ie, its potential to produce injury, is but one of many considerations to be taken into account in assessment procedures with respect to defining ha2ard. The following are equally important factors that need to be considered physicochemical properties of the material use pattern of the material and characteristics of the environment where the material is handled source of exposure, normal and accidental control measures used to regulate exposure the duration, magnitude, and frequency of exposure route of exposure and physical nature of exposure conditions, eg, gas, aerosol, or Hquid population exposed and variabiUty in exposure conditions and experience with exposed human populations. 

Dmg stabihty studies to determine rate of compound degradation and incompatibilities with other compounds or feed ingredients according to the anticipated conditions of use. 

EEC proposals also assert that cosmetic products must not damage human health when appHed under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use. Pinally, the EEC directive states that the label of a cosmetic should include a Hst of ingredients in descending order of weight at the time of manufacture. 

The physical characteristics of a fat or oil for imitation dairy products are not necessarily dictated by the fat being replaced, but by the composition, processiag methods, and conditions of use of the substitute product. Thus, the selection of the fat or oil is generally developed experimentally. The chemical and physical nature of the components of the system, order of addition, shear iaput, and processiag temperature dictate the final iateractions and the nature of the product. A comparison of the characteristics of milk fat and three different fats that are used ia satisfactory filled and imitation milks are listed ia Table 1 and those that comprise whipped toppiag, ia Table 2. 

Available Chlorine Test. The chlorine germicidal equivalent concentration test is a practical-type test. It is called a capacity test. Under practical conditions of use, a container of disinfectant might receive many soiled, contaminated instniments or other items to be disinfected. Eventually, the capacity of the disinfectant to serve its function would be overloaded due to reaction with the accumulated organic matter and organisms. The chlorine germicidal equivalent concentration test compares the load of a culture of bacteria that a concentration of a disinfectant will absorb and still kill bacteria, as compared to standard concentrations of sodium hypochlorite tested similarly. In the test, 10 successive additions of the test culture are added to each of 3 concentrations of the hypochlorite. One min after each addition a sample is transferred to the subculture medium and the next addition is made 1.5 min after the previous one. The disinfectant is then evaluated in a manner similar to the phenol coefficient test. For equivalence, the disinfectant must yield the same number of negative tubes as one of the chlorine standards. 

Manufacturers of measurement devices always state the accuracy of the instrument. However, these statements always specify specific or reference conditions at which the measurement device will perform with the stated accuracy, with temperature and pressure most often appearing in the reference conditions. When the measurement device is apphedat other conditions, the accuracy is affected. Manufacturers usually also provide some statements on how accuracy is affected when the conditions of use deviate from the referenced conditions in the statement of accuracy. Although appropriate cahbration procedures can minimize some of these effects, rarely can they be totally eliminated. It is easily possible for such effects to cause a measurement device with a stated accuracy of 0.25 percent of span at reference conditions to ultimately provide measured values with accuracies of 1 percent or less. Microprocessor-based measurement devices usually provide better accuracy than the traditional electronic measurement devices. 

Conditions of Use Bourdon tubes shoula not be exposed to temperatures over about 65°C (about 150°F) unless the tubes are specifically designed for such operation. When the pressure of a hotter fluid is to be measured, some type of hquid seal should be used to keep the hot fluid from the tube. In using either a Bourdon or a diaphragm gauge to measure gas pressure, if the gauge is below the... 

Waste category Container Auxiliary equipment and conditions of use... 

Inherently Safer A system is inherently safer if it relies on the chemistry and physics (the quantity, properties and conditions of use of the process materials) rather than on control systems, interlocks, alarms and procedures to prevent incidents. 

The aim of a risk assessment is to develop a product which is safe for the proposed market. A safe product is any product which, under normal or reasonably foreseeable conditions of use, including duration, presents no risk or only the minimum risk compatible with the product s use and which is consistent with a high level of protection for consumers (DTI, 1994). In attempting to protect products against failure in service and, therefore, the user or environment, difficulty exists in ascertaining the... 

In consequence of a Tg of 104 C with its amorphous nature, commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) is thus a hard transparent plastics material in normal conditions of use. 

Although it is somewhat of an oversimplification, the polysulphones are best considered as a group of materials similar to the aromatic polycarbonates but which are able to withstand more rigorous conditions of use. Because of their higher price they are only considered when polycarbonates or other cheaper polymers are unsuitable. 

SEALED SOURCE A soui ce Containing any radioactive substance whose structure is such as to prevent, under normal conditions of use, any dispersion of radioactive substances into the envu onment, but it does not include any radioactive substance inside a nuclear reactor or any nuclear fuel element. 

In the UK only approved pesticides may be supplied and used Each product has an approval number and conditions of use... 

The gas is essentially inert to common materials of construction such as stainless steel under normal conditions of use. Platinum and gold are also not attacked by pure hydrogen chloride. 

Solubility - The ion-exchange substance must be insoluble under normal conditions of use. Most ion-exchange resins in current use are high molecular weight... 

The precision of a thermal anemometer is dependent on the instrument quality and the conditions of use. A general rule is, the lower the measured ve locity, the higher the inaccuracy and vice versa. When measuring very low indoor velocities, around 0.1 m s, the relative error can be as high as 100% and not much lower than 30%. Low velocities are extremely difficult to measure with accuracy. 

You may find that the only way you can put your product on the market is by having it tested by an independent test authority. You may need a license to manufacture it or to supply it to certain countries and this may only be granted after independent certification. Some verification requirements only apply to the type of product/service, others to the process or each batch of product, and others to each product or service delivery. Some requirements can only be verified under actual conditions of use. Others can be verified by analysis or similarity with other products that have been thoroughly tested (see Part 2 Chapter 4). The range is so widespread it is not possible in this book to explore all examples, but as you can see, this small and innocuous requirement contains... 

This requirement was addressed above but note that the marking has to be permanent and therefore has to be durable under the anticipated conditions of use. It would be wise to seek guidance from the customer if you are in any doubt as to where to place the marking or how to apply it. Metal identification plates stamped with the customer s identity, date of supply, contract, and limitations of use are durable and permanent. 

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