Recommendations and conclusion

Fire and smoke movement through forests and building arrays are imbedded in flows defined by the porous nature of the burning media. Initially it is the flow 

Substantially increased awareness and availability of reference mafe-rials offers many benefifs to the ocean sciences. The regular use of such materials can provide a much-needed basis for interlaboratory and international comparison of results, making it possible to acquire accurate, meaningful global data sets that can be used to study problems requiring observations on large space and time scales. However, reference materials are costly to produce—particularly if they are certified for a number of constituents—and it has not always been clear to the ocean science community that this cost will be repaid with significant added value. 

In the case of the acquisition of large-scale data sets, the benefits of using reference materials are self-evident. In the past, whenever such data sets have been acquired without using suitable reference materials, a great deal of effort has subsequently been needed to adjust the data to a common scale. But the benefit of comparability is not restricted to large programs. Matrix-based reference materials that can be exchanged between different laboratories will enable researchers to better understand their own techniques and the information they provide. 

Seawater studies require certified reference materials for biologically important dissolved components such as carbon (both inorganic and organic), nutrients, and trace metals, as well as for salinity, which is hydro-graphically important. A number of the committee s key recommendations therefore explicitly address these parameters. There is also a striking need for reference materials based on particulate matrices, where many of the analytical techniques used are matrix dependent and differ markedly 

Any new effort to provide reference maferials to fhe ocean sciences community must also put in place a number of educafional and adverhs-ing efforts to make researchers aware of fhe existence of appropriate reference materials and to provide instruchon on how to make best use of what is bound to be, at best, a finite resource. The committee, therefore, also identifies education as a critical need. 

The increased awareness about the special vulnerability of children has led to a number of new research programmes, international agreements, and international alliances that specifically address and promote healthy environments for children (UNICEF, 1990, 2001a WHO, 1997, 2002a Suk, 2002 Suk et al 2003). A few key international activities are cited below  

1 The terms children and child as used in this document include the stages of development from conception through adolescence. 

Bangkok, Thailand, identified the need for improved risk assessment methodologies in children. 

Many countries have also established specific regulations to protect children from exposure to certain environmental hazards, including toxic chemicals. Examples include banning of heavy metals in toys, strict limit setting for persistent toxic substances in baby foods, and the setting of environmental limit values derived on the basis of infants sensitivities (e.g. nitrates in drinking-water). In the United States, concerns about children s special vulnerabilities 

Microbiologically induced corrosion is the cause of the severe localised corrosion of the inside of the floors in these ASTs. 

API Standard 653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction, 1991. 

Nishikata and J. Wang, Electrochemical studies on corrosion nnder a water film. Materials Science and Engineering, 1995, Vol. A198, P. 161-168. 

Metals Handbook, Corrosion, Ninth Edition, ASM International, 1987, Vol. 13, 

Solubility data series. Oxygen and ozone. Vol. 7, Ed. Battino R., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1981, 519 p. 

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A manual entitled Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems with Special Reference to the Determination of Surface Area and Porosity has been prepared as a provisional publication by Commission 1.6 of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC). The purpose of the manual is to draw attention to problems involved in reporting physisorption data and to provide guidance on the evaluation and interpretation of isotherm data. The general conclusions and recommendations are very similar to those contained in Chapter 6. 

Safety and efficacy data on a number of antitussives and expectorants have been reviewed by the FDA s Advisory Review Panel on Over-the-Counter (OTC) Cough, Cold, Allergy, Bronchodilator, and Antiasthmatic Products. The conclusions and recommendations regarding the effectiveness, safety, labeling, and suitability for marketing of over-the-counter preparations have been reported (103). After review of these recommendations, FDA has issued final monographs for over-the-counter antitussives (12) and for expectorants (1). LD q data for most of the compounds described have been reported (104,105). 

The bulk of the information in the report is included in a 317-page appendix that contains systems descriptions, station blackout fault trees, diesel generator historical data, and diesel generator common cause failure analysis results for 18 different nuclear power plants. Tables and graphs are well organized and present data correlated to each plant studied. The study also contains conclusions and recommendations for improving reliability. 

Based on an analysis of the initial dissolution rate in different solutions at different temperatures, several very useful conclusions and recommendations were made. It was found that the apparent activation energies for the dissolution of niobium and tantalum in 10 mol/1 HF solution are 56.5 and 65.5 kJ/mol, respectively for columbite, and 42.7 and 61.1, respectively, in the case of tantalite. It was also concluded that the mechanism of dissolution is the same for both columbite and tantalite. In addition, the initial dissolution rate of niobiuth (RNb) from columbite is controlled primarily by the activities of the... 

We thank John Fajen for many valuable and Illuminating discussions. The work described here was supported. In part, by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) under Contract 210-77-0100. Any opinions, findings, conclusions and recommendations experessed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NIOSH. 

Those possible explanations are investigated in this chapter. We will shortly describe the LCA methodology in Sect. 2. We will review case studies on plastics and printed matter/paper in Sect. 3. In Sect. 4 we will address the data situation for LCI databases and LCIA characterization factors. In Sect. 5 we will come to some conclusions and recommendations. 

Societe Nationale Francaise de Gastro-Ente-rologie French Consensus Conference on Acute Pancreatitis Conclusions and recommendations. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001 13 S1-S13. 

The number of relevant facts accumulated in an accident investigation is usually limited. Further investigation usually cannot uncover additional facts. A deeper analysis of the facts, however, often leads to new conclusions and recommendations. This deeper analysis is, for example, similar to a brainstorming session to develop new applications for a common house brick. New and interesting applications will continue to surface. 

Discussion, conclusions, and recommendations Study (2) to (6) to develop conclusions and layered recommendations. 

The accident investigation report is written using the principles of technical documentation. Items 1-4 are objective and should not include the authors opinions. Items 5-7 appropriately contain the opinions of the authors (investigation team). This technical style allows readers to develop their own independent conclusions and recommendations. As a result of these criteria, the accident investigation report is a learning tool, which is the major purpose of the investigation. 

Dean, J.H. et al., ICCVAM evaluation of the murine local lymph node assay. II. Conclusions and recommendations of an independent scientific peer review panel, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 34, 258, 2001. 

The following Chapter will use the results and conclusions from the analysis performed in this Chapter, to derive some final conclusions and recommendations. Moreover, the posed research questions from Chapter 1 will be addressed and some open problems will be stated, to improve the current way in which companies manage safety. 

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