General Conclusions and Recommendations

A manual entitled Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas/Solid Systems with Special Reference to the Determination of Surface Area and Porosity has been prepared as a provisional publication by Commission 1.6 of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC). The purpose of the manual is to draw attention to problems involved in reporting physisorption data and to provide guidance on the evaluation and interpretation of isotherm data. The general conclusions and recommendations are very similar to those contained in Chapter 6. 

Very recently, a WHO/IPCS international workshop on skin sensitization in chemical risk assessment has taken place. The general conclusions and recommendations of the workshop have been pubhshed (WHO/IPCS 2007). These conclusions and recommendations are cited in Section 4.6.5. 

WHO/IPCS. 2007. IPCS Project on the Harmonization of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals. General Conclusions and Recommendations of an IPCS International Workshop on Skin Sensitization in Chemical Risk Assessment. http /www.who.int/ipcs/methods/ harmonization/areas/sensitization summaiy.pdf... 

The purification of water has been treated exhaustively in the literature, and reviews have summarized general conclusions and recommended techniques for the ultrapurification and analysis of water.70,72 There is a general consensus among investigators that (1) water purified in quartz or plastic apparatus contains a lower level of cationic impurities than water purified in borosilicate or metal apparatus (2) storage of purified water for periods exceeding 30 days, even in plastic or Teflon containers, will result in an increase in cationic impurities and (3) resistivity measurements may be used as a survey technique but cannot be relied on for an unequivocal indication of water quality because they do not indicate nonionic impurities. 

This chapter is subdivided into 4 main parts. The first part introduces the fundamental principles of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, and their importance for risk assessment, with particular emphasis on mixtures. The second part describes the state of the art in toxicokinetics, and the third part in toxicodynamics. Both later sections focus on how each aspect is dealt with in human toxicology and ecotoxicology. The differences and limitations in each field are addressed. Finally, a general discussion, conclusions, and recommendations for future research explore the application potentials of these approaches, with particular attention to cross-fertilization between human toxicology and ecotoxicology, and where they may hold some promises. 

Wine Fining General Conclusion and Practical Recommendations. 147... 

Accordingly, we recommend that advanced methods for characterizing interfacial structure and dynamics be developed vigorously. A panel was established by the committee to study and make recommendations on experimental methods. Its findings have been issued separately (NMAB 438-3, In Situ Characterization of Electrochemical Processes ), and its conclusions and recommendations are summarized in Chapter 6. Twelve specific recommendations are set forth for special emphasis in the near term. They call, in general, for new methods that (a) can characterize interfacial structure with greater chemical detail and with spatial resolution approaching the atomic scale and (b) can characterize dynamics in ways that will provide views of faster reactions. It is particularly important to establish new methods for in situ characterization—that is, direct observation in the electrochemical environment of interest. 

Brouwer EJ, Brouwer DH, Bruynzeel DP, et al Health in Relation to Occupational Exposure to Pesticides in the Dutch Flower Bulb Culture, Part 1 General Study Design Results, Conclusions and Recommendations. The Hague, CIP-gegevens Koninklijke Bibliotheek, 1992... 

Conclusions and recommendations for laminar mixing The equations presented in sections 4.2.3.1 and 4.23.2 give only a rough indication of the flow and mixing phenomena in laminar flow in stirred tanks (of Newtonian liquids). There are as yet no theories that are generally applicable to this type of mixing problems. There are several reasons for this ... 

Although the initial approaches of the two groups of participants are different as indicated previously in this paper, the conclusions and recommendations are jointly reached after general discussion. In this... 

I would also like to add that this session has been particularly important within the framework of the general aims of the present workshop and our future recommendations and resolutions for the European continent. We face a permanent struggle on our continent on the point of iodine induced hyperthyroidism. I therefore insist that in our final conclusions and recommendations we should stress the importance for Europe of a close collaboration between the thyroidologists, the salt industry and the nutrition experts. We witness many situations of changes in iodine nutrition, without medical interference. Those are mainly due to the changes in industrial processing of food, and there is a complete lack of control on the food and industry which has already been underlined. 

IV. General comments, conclusions and final recommendations. This section includes a summary prepared by the editors, of the round-tables on IDD status in countries, and final conclusions and recommendations, particularly for the fetus, neonate, child and pregnant woman. 

Numerous and varied conclusions have been stated explicitly or implied in the text of Chaps. 2—5. These include mechanistic deductions, references to inconsistencies or irreconcilable interpretations found in different studies, recommendations for the re-analysis of certain experimental data etc. These will not be repeated in detail in the present chapter, which summarizes only the most significant and general conclusions relating to the kinetics of decompositions and interactions of solids. 

The accident investigation report is the major result of the investigation. In general, the format should be flexible and designed specifically to best explain the accident. The format may include the following sections (1) introduction, (2) process description (equipment and chemistry), (3) incident description, (4) investigation results, (5) discussion, (6) conclusions, and (7) layered recommendations. 

In the final phase of LCA, inferences are drawn especially from LCI analysis and LCIA. From an analysis of the results, conclusions can be drawn and limitations defined, and recommendations for producers and policy-makers can be made. In general, the purpose of an LCA is to make inferences that can support a decision or provide a basis for a viewpoint. This means that the process of drawing conclusions is perhaps the most important step in any LCA. The relevant issue of interpretation is dealt with in ISO 14043. This phase will be exemplified as a case study comparing the results of LCA for two analytical protocols. 

---