Computer-compatible controls

Stenstrom, M.K. "A dynamic model and computer compatible control strategies for wastewater treatment plants PhD thesis, Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, S.C., 1975. 

Each of the processes (blown film, sheet, tube, etc.) contains secondary equipment applicable to their specific product lines such as computerized fluid chillers and temperature control systems. Equipment has become more energy-efficient, reliable, and cost-effective. The application of microprocessor and computer compatible controls that can communicate within the extruder line results in the more accurate control of the line. 

As indicated, Fraunhofer diffraction is a special case of Mie theory that can be used to obtain the volume of particles. The Malvern Instruments Model 2600c series of sizers (Malvern Instruments, Southborough, MA) use a laser diffraction method. The instruments are equipped with an IBM-compatible computer that controls the collection, manipulation, and presentation of data. The principle of operation is illustrated in Fig. 18. The instruments consist of a low-power laser transmitter and receiver detector units mounted 50 cm apart. Particles or spray... 

The SIT vidicon is a unique and useful spectroscopic detector. Among the most important properties of the SIT vidicon are two-dimensional detection, high sensitivity, and rapid signal recovery. The flexibility of the SIT vidicon detection system is a result of the nature of the signal readout and its compatibility with an on-line computer for control, data acquisition, and data processing and is valuable for research and other nonroutine applications. This flexibility allows the detector to be used in a number of modes and with various degrees of temporal and spatial resolution as demonstrated by the applications described in this paper. 

The Automatic TLC Sampler III is the latest version of this kind. It applies samples automatically from a rack of sample vials. The samples are dispensed from a steel capillary, spotwise by contact transfer or bandwise using the spray-on technique. The capillary which delivers the samples moves according to the plotter principle at a lateral speed of 25 cm/s. The sample dispensing speed is selectable between 10 and 1(X)0 nL/s. The application module is controlled by an IBM-compatible PC, normally the same computer that controls densitometric chromatogram evaluation. 

Chiron provides a microwell plate heater, a luminometer, and data management software. The plate heater is specially designed to provide precise control of the hybridization temperature (0 0.5°C) and to distribute heat evenly throughout the microwell plate. The luminometer maintains a temperature of 37°C and accommodates the 96-well plates. The data management software runs on an IBM PC or compatible computer with a minimum of 80386,16-Mhz microprocessor, 2 Mb of RAM, monitor, mouse, compatible printer, MS DOS (version 5.0 or greater), and Windows (version 3.1 or greater). 

A new integrator offers full compatibility and support of the HP 6890 series GC features, and includes gas-saver mode, split valve control and post-run programming. It also contains two new industry-standard Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) slots to accommodate long-term data storage and prints the run-deviation log after each analysis. 

The system, which is shown in Fig. 7.3, consists of the sample changer, rinsing units, control computer and the Aroma software. Existing measuring instruments may he used subject to compatibility. The software currently supports the following instruments ... 

The interface provides efficient transfer of samples into the Merlin, and, most importantly, a rapid flush-out there is no hold up of mercury (which is a feature of the commonly used atomic absorption techniques). To aid the transfer of mercury vapour, the tin(II) chloride regime is used, together with a gas/liquid separator designed for this task. Mercury is sparged from the reaction vessel into the Merlin Detector. Full automation is provided by using a simple standard DIO card fitted into an IBM compatible computer system with the PSA Touchstone software. This is an easy-to-use menu-driven system which controls the modules used in the instrumentation, calibrates the system, collects, collates and reprints the results, and which finks to host computer systems. 

A computer program for calculating steady-state fluxes and metabolite concentrations of metabolic systems on the IBM-PC and compatible computers. The software provides a simple means for calculating the control structure of a pathway. 

This resume-creation software package is available for purchase online only. Web Resume Writer is compatible with Windows 95/ 98/NT/2000/XP and is designed to make producing printed or electronic resumes easier. When using this program, you will have total control over your resume s layout, appearance, and structure. The software is powerful, yet its point-and-click interface is designed for people who aren t too computer literate. To help ensure your resume has the most impact, a spell checker and the ability to ultimately export your resume file into Microsoft Office applications (including Word) is provided. 

The NovaScan is presented on a PC-compatible computer equipped with standard memory and visual capabilities, and is run on a DOS-based operating system. A customized response apparatus, including a joystick, control keys, and a keypad, is recommended. Trials of the tasks chosen to be included in the test system are displayed on the computer monitor in a random manner, thereby eliminating the need for the user to focus attention among simultaneously presented tests. However, divided attention components can be added, if needed. The length of the test (i.e., number of trials presented) can be adjusted based on the demands of the test environment. Performance is evaluated in an automated fashion using a change-from-baseline approach, and the test can be administered in an automated or supervisor-controlled manner. 

The control system of the freeze-drying unit provides control, monitoring and documentation of the process. Such a system must be reliable and comply with GM P and GAMP (Good Automation Manufacturing Practice) demands with respect to computer validation. It should be SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) compatible. A possible hardware architecture is shown in Figure 2.55.1. 

The control of the monochromator stepping motor, the PEM retardation level, and the lock-in amplifiers, are carried out by a standard IBM-compatible personal computer. It communicates with the PAR lock-in amplifier via a 1200 baud serial link,... 

Within the frequency range up to 200 GHz the klystron can be replaced (at a price) by synthesisers, coupled with solid state microwave amplifiers and passive or active frequency multipliers. These devices have very high frequency stability, are easily modulated either in frequency or power, and are readily compatible with computer control of all their main fbnctions. The klystron is gradually becoming redundant, but has an honoured place in the development of microwave spectroscopy. 

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