Naming Simple Compounds

Alkynes. These contain a single triple bond and have the general formula C H, with n > 2., - Ikynes are also referred to as acetylinic compounds. The simple alkynes are alternatively named as derivatives of acetylene, e.g.,... 

HOWTO NAME SIMPLE INORGANIC MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS... 

HOWTO NAME SIMPLE COMPOUNDS WITH FUNCTIONAL CROUPS... 

The most commonly used amphiphiles to build L-B hlms for tribological applications are the straight chain hydrocarbon compounds with simple functional groups such as the fatty acids, including stearic acids, arachidic acids, and behenic acids [32], but other amphiphilic molecules, e.g., 2,4-heneicosanedione and 2-docosylamina-5-nitropyridine, are also applied in some cases. There are two major systems of self-assembled monolayers, namely the alkylsilance derivatives (e.g., OTS, octadecyltrichlorosilane) on hydroxylated surfaces and the alkanethiols on metal substrates, which have been investigated extensively to examine their properties as solid lubricants and protective surface films [31 ]. 

In Chapter 3 we discussed two photochemical reactions characteristic of simple carbonyl compounds, namely type II cleavage and photoreduction. We saw that photoreduction appears to arise only from carbonyl triplet states, whereas type II cleavage often arises from both the excited singlet and triplet states. Each process was found to occur from discrete biradical intermediates. In this chapter we will discuss two other reactions observed in the photochemistry of carbonyls, type I cleavage and oxetane formation. 

Some compounds are simple molecules with special names. The short list containing water contains examples of this type of nomenclature. You must simply learn these names more rules do not alter the fact that H20 is water. 

This overview covers some of the rules for naming simple inorganic compounds. There are additional rules, and some exceptions to these rules. The first part of this overview discusses the rules for deriving a name from a chemical formula. In many cases, the formula may be determined from the name by reversing this process. The second part examines situations in which additional information is needed to generate a formula from the name of a compound. The transition metals present some additional problems therefore, there is a section covering transition metal nomenclature and coordination compounds. 

Be able to name binary metal type and nonmetal type compounds, as well as ternary compounds, oxyacids, simple coordination compounds, etc. 

Knowing the names of the elements and a few basic rules allows us to name simple compounds given the chemical formula. We also can reverse the process. That is, if we know the name of the compound, we should be able to write the chemical formula. The process is straightforward for molecular compounds because prefixes are included in the names. Hence, the formula for sulfin dioxide is SO and carbon monoxide is CO. 

Clearly, Greek or Latin numeral roots in conjunction with numerical locants can be used to indicate the number and positions of fluorine substituents in any type of organo-fluorine compound or group, ranging from monofluorinated systems, e.g. 2-fluorobutane (1), to perfluorinated entities, e.g. l,l,l,2.2,3,4,4,4-nonafluoro-3-iodobutane(2). Fluorine locants may be omitted, and often are in non-indexing situations when naming simple and therefore easily visualized fully fluorinated aliphatic/cycloaliphatic or monocyclic aromatic compounds or groups, e.g. octafluoropropane (3), hexafluorocyclopropane (4), pentafluoropropanoic acid, (5). pentafluorophenyl (6). 

The form of the printed output varies from a simple paper tape with retention times and areas (perhaps followed by calculated concentrations) up through a fairly complete report which adds a sample designation, peak compound names, and so on. The results shown on a 2-inch paper tape are adequate for laboratory use, but may require transcription to a final report and typing by a secretary. These steps introduce the possibility of clerical... 

Different kinds of compounds are named by different rules. Ordinary table salt, for instance, is named sodium chloride because of its formula NaCl, but common table sugar (Ci2H22On) is named /3-D-fructofuranosyl-a-D-glucopyranoside because of special rules for carbohydrates (don t worry about it). We ll begin in this section by seeing how to name simple binary compounds—those made of only two elements—and then introduce additional rules in later chapters as the need arises. 

If the compound is a salt, name the cation first and then the anion, just as in naming simple salts (Section 2.10). For example, K3[Fe(CN)6] is potassium hexacyanof errate(III). 

A simple cyclization of hydrazides of o-acetylenylbenzoic and acetylenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid 50 can lead to four different compounds, namely the five-membered A-aminolactams, six-membred iV-amino lactams, and six-mem-bered diazinones and diazepinones, but only the first three have been reported. The unexpected formation of bis(pyrazolo[4,3- 7][l,2]diazepinone 51 (R = 4-MeOC6H4) structure has been established by X-ray crystallography <2005TL4457> (Equation 4). 

A different type of gas-phase chemistry has also been explored for simple germanium, tin and lead compounds, namely that induced by radiolysis. While germanium compounds have been the main targets and modeling of CVD processes the ultimate goal, radiolysis involves reactions of transient neutral and ionic species for which the overall mechanism is not always clear. On the other hand, analysis of the ultimate solid products252 obtained from radiolysis of different mixtures provides an exciting approach towards the synthesis of polymers and thin films. 

With antimony platinum yields two simple compounds, namely, PtSb2 and PtSb. A third compound, Pt6Sb2, appears also to be formed from alloys rich in platinum, when maintained several hours at 644° C.1 ... 

Safety of chemicals. Scientific notation, conversions Periodic Table of Elements Naming simple compounds Atomic structure and periodicity Balancing equations Drawing molecules Interaction of light with molecules Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC s) and ozone Development of green pesticides... 

Bhopal value Cost-benefit analysis Full cost conversions Periodic Table of Elements Naming simple compounds Atomic... 

Naming binary ionic compounds is simple. The name is made up of just two words the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion. 

A biochemically important pair of compounds, namely, NAD-NADH, together with a series of model nucleotides, have been investigated by LD and PD. °,Two laser beams were used in that experiment (266 and 347 nm), and the results were compared to those obtained by Cf PD. For simple nucleotides the major ions produced during LD processes are not dependent on the wavelength used. However, the results obtained for NAD-NADH (positive and negative mode) do not follow that trend. Although the exact reason for these differences is still unknown, it can be speculated that an interaction between wavelength and the resonance forms of the aromatic base can account, in part, for this deviation in pattern. 

Several properties distinguish ionic compounds from covalent compounds. These may be related rather simply to the crystal structure of ionic compounds, namely, a lattice composed of positive and negative ions in such a way that the attractive forces between oppositely charged ions are maximized and the repulsive forces between ions of the same charge are minimized. Before discussing some of the possible geometries, a few simple properties of ionic compounds may be mentioned ... 

Suppose you were asked to name the compound with the formula FeO. Following the method for naming simple binary compounds, we would get iron oxide. The problem is that there is more than one form of iron oxide. There is another compound, for example, with the formula Fe203, which you might also call iron oxide. How do we differentiate between the names of the two compounds ... 

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