Sodium chloride naming

Halite, see Sodium chloride Hausmannite, see Manganese(II,IV) oxide Heavy hydrogen, see HydrogenpH] or name followed by -d... 

Similar to the pH meter, gas meters employ specific ion electrodes. The electrodes generate a potential proportional to the activity of a specific ion in solution. The calibration is achieved in standard solution and results read in mV or concentration in mg/L or ppm on the meter. The water can be adapted to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, chloride, calcium, potassium and sodium to name a few. 

Feitknecht has examined the corrosion products of zinc in sodium chloride solutions in detail. The compound on the inactive areas was found to be mainly zinc oxide. When the concentration of sodium chloride was greater than 0-1 M, basic zinc chlorides were found on the corroded parts. At lower concentrations a loose powdery form of a crystalline zinc hydroxide appeared. A close examination of the corroded areas revealed craters which appeared to contain alternate layers and concentric rings of basic chlorides and hydroxides. Two basic zinc chlorides were identified, namely 6Zn(OH)2 -ZnClj and 4Zn(OH)2 ZnCl. These basic salts, and the crystalline zinc hydroxides, were found to have layer structures similar in general to the layer structure attributed to the basic zinc carbonate which forms dense adherent films and appears to play such an important role in the corrosion resistance of zinc against the atmosphere. The presence of different reaction products in the actual corroded areas leads to the view that, in addition to action between the major anodic and cathodic areas as a whole, there is also a local interaction between smaller anodic and cathodic elements. 

Brines maybe, as the name suggests, solutions of inorganic salts in water, and the two in general use are sodium chloride and calcium chloride. Of these, the former is compatible with most foodstuffs and can be used in direct contact or in circumstances where the brine may come into contact with the product. Calcium chloride has an unpleasant taste and cannot be permitted to contaminate foods. 

The properties of compounds are very different from those of the elements they contain. Ordinary table salt, sodium chloride, is a white, unreactive solid. As you can guess from its name, it contains the two elements sodium and chlorine. Sodium (Na) is a shiny, extremely reactive metal. Chlorine (Cl) is a poisonous, greenish-yellow gas. Clearly, when these two elements combine to form sodium chloride, a profound change takes place (Figure 1.3, page 4). 

A compound can be identified either by its formula (e.g., NaCl) or by its name (sodium chloride). In this section, you will learn the rules used to name ionic and simple molecular compounds. To start with, it will be helpful to show how individual ions within ionic compounds are named. 

Monatomic anions, such as the Cl- ions in sodium chloride and the O2- ions in quicklime (CaO), are named by adding the suffix -ide and the word ion to the first part of the name of the element (the stem" of its name), as shown in Table D.l thus, S2 is a sulfide ion and O2 is an oxide ion. There is usually no need to specify the charge, because most elements that form monatomic anions form only one kind of ion. The ions formed by the halogens are collectively called halide ions and include fluoride (F ), chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), and iodide (I ) ions. 

The name salt is taken from ordinary table salt, sodium chloride, the ionic product of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide ... 

The rock-salt structure is a common ionic structure that takes its name from the mineral form of sodium chloride. In it, the Cl- ions lie at the corners and in the centers of the faces of a cube, forming a face-centered cube (Fig. 5.39). This arrangement is like an expanded ccp arrangement the expansion keeps the anions out of contact with one another, thereby reducing their repulsion, and opens up holes that are big enough to accommodate the Na+ ions. These ions fit into the octahedral holes between the Cl ions. There is one octahedral hole for each anion in the close-packed array, and so all the octahedral holes are occupied. If we look carefully at the structure, we can see that each cation is surrounded by six anions and each anion is surrounded by six cations. The pattern repeats over and over, with each ion surrounded by six other ions of the opposite charge (Fig. 5.40). A crystal of sodium chloride is a three-dimensional array of a vast number of these little cubes. 

The Sodium Chloride and Cesium Chloride Structures.—The agreement found between the observed inter-atomic distances and our calculated ionic radii makes it probable that the crystals considered are built of only slightly deformed ions it should, then, be possible, with the aid of this conception, to explain the stability of one structure, that of sodium chloride, in the case of most compounds, and of the other, that of cesium chloride, in a few cases, namely, the cesium and thallous halides. 

C03-0110. The following pairs of substances are quite different despite having similar names. Write correct formulas for each, (a) sodium chloride and sodium hypochlorite (b) nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide (c) potassium chlorate and potassium perchlorate and (d) ammonia and ammonium ion. 

A salt derived from a hydracid is named according to the nonmetal present in the parent acid, and the salt will end in - ide . The metallic part of the salt is named first. The prefix hydro is dropped and suffix - ic (of the acid) is changed to - ide . HC1 HBr HCN H2S Sodium chloride (NaCl) Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) Potassium bromide (KBr) Zinc bromide (ZnBr2) Sodium cyanide (NaCN) Potassium sulfide (K2S)... 

Naming bases is a little more straightforward. For a base name, chemists just use the name of the chemical compound. They do the same thing for the salts that are produced when acids and bases react with one another. The salt sodium chloride (NaCl), for example, is named for the two elements that are present in the salt—sodium and chlorine. The only rule is to change the ending for the name of the nonmetal (in this case, chlorine) to -ide, giving us the name sodium chloride. 

The chemical name of compounds composed of only two elements usually ends with the suffix ide. The chemical name for water, for example, which is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen, and whose chemical formula is H20, is, therefore, hydrogen oxide. The chemical name for common table salt, composed of one atom of sodium and one of chlorine, and has the formula is NaCI, is sodium chloride. Pyrite, an iron ore composed of one atom of iron (ferrum in Latin) and one of sulfur, has the formula FeS, and its chemical name is ferrous sulfide. 

Some of the reports are as follows. Mizukoshi et al. [31] reported ultrasound assisted reduction processes of Pt(IV) ions in the presence of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactant. They found that radicals formed from the reaction of the surfactants with primary radicals sonolysis of water and direct thermal decomposition of surfactants during collapsing of cavities contribute to reduction of metal ions. Fujimoto et al. [32] reported metal and alloy nanoparticles of Au, Pd and ft, and Mn02 prepared by reduction method in presence of surfactant and sonication environment. They found that surfactant shows stabilization of metal particles and has impact on narrow particle size distribution during sonication process. Abbas et al. [33] carried out the effects of different operational parameters in sodium chloride sonocrystallisation, namely temperature, ultrasonic power and concentration sodium. They found that the sonocrystallization is effective method for preparation of small NaCl crystals for pharmaceutical aerosol preparation. The crystal growth then occurs in supersaturated solution. Mersmann et al. (2001) [21] and Guo et al. [34] reported that the relative supersaturation in reactive crystallization is decisive for the crystal size and depends on the following factors. 

Alfin An obsolete process for making synthetic rubber by polymerizing butadiene in pentane solution. The catalyst was an insoluble aggregate of sodium chloride, sodium iso-propoxide, and allyl sodium. The name is actually the name of the catalyst, derived from alcohol, used to make the sodium Aopropoxide, and olefin, referring to the propylene used to make the allyl sodium. 

The following substance, namely magnesium acetate potassium citrate potassium hydroxide potassium nitrate and sodium chloride can also be assayed for their respective elements as shown in Table 25.1 below. However, all the respective solutions of the said pharmaceutical substance and their standard solutions must be prepared as prescribed in BP (1993) strictly to obtain the best results. 

Dr. Wollaston dissolved a portion of crude platinum in aqua regia, and neutralized the excess acid with caustic soda. He then added sal ammoniac to precipitate the platinum as ammonium chloroplatinate, and mercuric cyanide to precipitate the palladium as palladious cyanide. After filtering the precipitate, he decomposed the excess mercuric cyanide in the filtrate by adding hydrochloric acid and evaporating to dryness. When he washed the residue with alcohol, everything dissolved except a beautiful dark red powder, which proved to be a double chloride of sodium and a new metal (3), which, because of the rose color of its salts, Dr. Wollaston named rhodium (9). He found that the sodium rhodium chloride could be easily reduced by heating it in a current of hydrogen, and that after the sodium chloride had been washed out, the rhodium remained as a metallic powder. He also obtained a rhodium button. 

Nciming a simple ionic compound is easy. You pair the name of the cation with the neune of the anion and then change the ending of the anion s ncime to -ide. The cation always precedes the anion in the final name. For example, the chemical name of NaCl (a compound made up of one sodium atom and one chlorine atom) is sodium chloride. 

Of course, sodium chloride is more commonly known as table salt. Many compounds have such so-called common names. Common ncimes aren t wrong, but they re less informative than chemical ncimes. The name sodium chloride, properly decoded, tells you that you re dealing with a one-to-one ionic compound composed of sodium and chlorine. The ncime table salt just tells you one possible (albeit tasty) use for the compound. 

CHEMICAL NAME = sodium chloride CAS NUMBER = 7647-14-5 MOLECULAR FORMULA = NaCl MOLAR MASS = 58.4 g/mol COMPOSITION = Na(39.3°/o) Cl(69.7°/o)... 

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