Composite emulsifiers

Composition Emulsified blend of carrier-active substances... 

Use Water-soluble salts, fatty acid derivatives, textile softeners, pharmaceuticals, antirust compositions, emulsifying agents in acid media, derivatives containing tertiary amine groups, curing agent for resins. 

In summary, all the recent improvements in the doubleemulsion compositions (emulsifiers and oils), the improved evaluation related to the weight given to any of the possible instability mechanisms, and the better understanding of the instability factors that were achieved in the last 15 years of research work were supposed to solve most of the scientific problems of this technology. Yet, only very limited improvements in the stability of the emulsions and in extending their shelf-life have been recorded. There is practically very limited control of the release of the additives or the active matter. 

Lieberman and Moghissi, (Lieberman and Moghissi, 1970) that nonylphenol ethoxylates were the most effective emulsifiers for xylene based cocktails, we limited our evaluation to nonylphenol ethoxylates. To further reduce the nvimber of parameters tested, the solvent composition, emulsifier, and fluor concentrations were held constant. The solvent was a mixture of p-xylene and trimethylbenzene and had a flashpoint greater than 100°F. This blend is safer, less restricted by Federal regulations, and easier to handle than p-xylene. The primary fluor was PPO at 5 g/1, the secondary fluor bis-MSB at 200 mg/1. The total concentration of emulsifier was 40% by weight. 

Uses Foam booster, vise, builder for shampoos, bubble baths, and powd. detergent compositions emulsifier for creams and lotions, esp. in cream hair dye formulations... 

Martmez-Checa, F., Toledo, F. L., El Mabrouki, K, Quesada, E. Calvo, C. (2007). Characteristics of bioemulsifer V2-7 synthesized in culture media added of hydrocarbons Chemical composition, emulsifying activity and rheological properties. Bioresour Technol, 98, 3130-3135. 

Aqueous media, such as emulsion, suspension, and dispersion polymerization, are by far the most widely used in the acryUc fiber industry. Water acts as a convenient heat-transfer and cooling medium and the polymer is easily recovered by filtration or centrifugation. Fiber producers that use aqueous solutions of thiocyanate or zinc chloride as the solvent for the polymer have an additional benefit. In such cases the reaction medium can be converted directiy to dope to save the costs of polymer recovery. Aqueous emulsions are less common. This type of process is used primarily for modacryUc compositions, such as Dynel. Even in such processes the emulsifier is used at very low levels, giving a polymerization medium with characteristics of both a suspension and a tme emulsion. 

Eor some appHcations the powder is suspended in an aqueous medium or a solvent with the help of emulsifying agents and then sprayed onto the substrate. The powder is also used as a filler to prepare sprayable compositions of PTEE dispersions, which then can be used to coat various substrates (36). 

A classification by chemical type is given ia Table 1. It does not attempt to be either rigorous or complete. Clearly, some materials could appear ia more than one of these classifications, eg, polyethylene waxes [9002-88 ] can be classified ia both synthetic waxes and polyolefins, and fiuorosihcones ia sihcones and fiuoropolymers. The broad classes of release materials available are given ia the chemical class column, the principal types ia the chemical subdivision column, and one or two important selections ia the specific examples column. Many commercial products are difficult to place ia any classification scheme. Some are of proprietary composition and many are mixtures. For example, metallic soaps are often used ia combination with hydrocarbon waxes to produce finely dispersed suspensions. Many products also contain formulating aids such as solvents, emulsifiers, and biocides. 

Health and Safety Factors As a class, surfactants and detergent products are among the most widely used chemical compositions. Almost everyone is exposed to these products on a daily basis ia situatioas that range from ingestion of food-grade emulsifiers to intimate coatact of skin and eyes with personal-care and laundry products. Safety is therefore a matter of great importance (132,133). Ranges of surfactant LD q values are shown ia Table 2. 

Amongst the catalysts described in the literature may be mentioned dimethylbenzylamine, dimethlylcyclohexylamine, diethylaminoethanol, Walkylmorpholines and the adipic acid ester of A-diethylaminoethanol. A number of proprietary products of undisclosed composition have also been successfully employed. Emulsifiers include sulphonated castor oil and structure modifiers such as ammonium oleate and silicone oils. 

In another study, uniform composite polymethyl-methacrylate/polystyrene (PMMA/PS) composite particles in the size range of 1-10 fim were prepared by the seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene [121]. The PMMA seed particles were initially prepared by the dispersion polymerization of MMA by using AIBN as the initiator. In this polymerization, poly(7V-vinyl pyrolli-done) and methyl tricaprylyl ammonium chloride were used as the stabilizer and the costabilizer, respectively, in the methanol medium. Seed particles were swollen with styrene monomer in a medium comprised of seed particles, styrene, water, poly(7V-vinyl pyrollidone), Polywet KX-3 and aeorosol MA emulsifiers, sodium bicarbonate, hydroquinone inhibitor, and azobis(2-methylbu-... 

PS/PHEM A particles in micron-size range were also obtained by applying the single-stage soapless emulsion copolymerization method [124]. But, this method provided copolymer particles with an anomalous shape with an uneven surface. PS or PHEMA particles prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization were also used as seed particles with the respective comonomer to achieve uniform PS/PHEMA or PHEMA/PS composite particles. PS/PHEMA and PHEMA/PS particles in the form of excellent spheres were successfully produced 1 iLitm in size in the same study. 

Recently, Mark and co-workers also reported on organophilic silica formed by the combination of the sol-gel procedure and water-in-oil micro-emulsion method, in which methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was used as one component of silica matrix [8]. The size of the silica particle was controlled by the content of water and emulsifier used. The surface of the particles was effectively covered with methacryloyl. organic groups. This organophilic silica is expected to be used as a novel component of composite materials. 

Tackifiers to produce pressure-sensitive adhesives were also prepared as a latex. Self-emulsifying resin or rosin composition, useful as tackifiers for ad-... 

Chemically, GA is a complex mixture of macromolecules of different size and composition (mainly carbohydrates and proteins). Today, the properties and features of GA have been widely explored and developed and it is being used in a wide range of industrial sectors such as textiles, ceramics, lithography, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, encapsulation, food, etc. Regarding food industry, it is used as a stabilizer, a thickener and/or an emulsifier agent (e.g., soft drink syrup, gummy candies and creams) (Verbeken et al., 2003). 

Therefore, there is substantial evidence that GA can play a positive health-related role in addition to its well-known properties as an emulsifier. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to describe general aspects of the source, composition, and already known uses of GA as well as some new aspects of its antioxidant capacity against some reactive oxygen substances (ROS), and its antimicrobial activity (AMA). 

Composition of Emulsion, The prototype oil/water emulsion described in Table I contained ingredients typical of a large number of cosmetic products, although simplified somewhat to avoid analytical problems. The aqueous phase contained sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as emulsifier, 0,2% (19 n ) DEA as precursor to NDEIA and 0,1% benzoic acid as preservative. 

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