Rosin compositions

Tackifiers to produce pressure-sensitive adhesives were also prepared as a latex. Self-emulsifying resin or rosin composition, useful as tackifiers for ad-... 

Andersson A 1969 Alterations in rosin composition during storage of wood. Svensk Papperstidn 72 304-311... 

Composition. Rosin is primarily a complex mixture of monocarboxyUc acids of alkylated hydrophenanthrene nuclei. These constituents, known as resin acids, represent about 90% of rosin. The resin acids are subdivided into two types, based on their skeletal stmcture. The abietic-type acids contain an isopropyl group pendent from the carbon numbered 13. The pimaric-type acids have a methyl and vinyl group pendent from the same carbon atom. Figure 1 shows the stmcture of typical resin acids abietic acid, C2QH2QO2 (1) is predominant. The remaining 10% of commercial rosin consists of neutral materials that are either hydrocarbons or saponifiable esters. These materials are derived from resin acids by decarboxylation or esterification. 

Rosin ester resins are used extensively in pressure-sensitive adhesives as tackifiers. The adhesive is formulated by blending the resin with a polymer in solution or as aqueous emulsions. Typical compositions may contain about 50% resin. The glycerol or pentaerythritol esters of stabilized rosins are often used because they are stable on aging. 

Variations found in CTO composition result primarily from the species of wood pulped and the location and climate where the trees are grown. Pulping process variations further affect CTO composition. The best CTO is produced from pine wood. However, many U.S. mills mix hardwood with pine to reduce fiber costs, or mix hardwood black Hquor with pine black Hquor. This lowers the rosin content. The composition of CTO produced in the southeastern United States and of typical Canadian and Scandinavian CTOs are shown in Table 2. 

Tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) consist primarily of oleic andlinoleic acids and are obtained by the distillation of crude tall oil. Crude tall oil, a by-product of the kraft pulping process, is a mixture of fatty acids, rosin acids, and unsaponiftables (1). These components are separated from one another by a series of distillations (2). Several grades of TOFA are available depending on rosin, unsap oniftable content, color, and color stabiUty. Typical compositions of tall oil fatty acid products are shown in Table 1 (see Tall oil). 

Base-plate wax compositions are generally regarded as trade secrets. A substantial percentage of paraffin is usually present, probably 50—80 wt %. Beeswax [8012-89-3] camauba wax [8015-86-9] ceresin, microcrystalline waxes, Acrawax C (Glyco Products Co. Inc.), mastic gum, rosin [8050-09-7] and synthetic resins may make up the balance of the formulation. Base-plate waxes are generally sold in sheet form about 1.3 mm thick, 75 mm wide, and 140 mm long. 

Table 4 Hsts flow properties of a set of impression waxes the exact compositions of which are trade secrets. The materials that have been identified in the compositions are paraffin, ceresin, vegetable waxes, rosin, mastic gum, and spermaceti.

The resin acids found in rosins are generally of the abietic- and pimaric-type. Rosins of various pine species differ in their content of abietic vs. pimaric-type acids. Rosins from species exhibiting high abietic-type acid compositions are preferred for production of rosin derivatives. However, the differences in properties of rosins are often associated with their non-resin acid content instead of their chemical compositions. On the other hand, the compositions of rosins from different sources greatly differ [22]. Table 8 shows a typical distribution of resin acids in rosins obtained from gum, tall oil and wood sources. 

Typical composition (in per cent of acid fraction) of the common resin acids in rosins obtained from different sources [22]... 

Gum turpentine is obtained from wounding living trees to get an exudate containing turpentine and rosin. Turpentine is separated from the rosin by continuous steam distillation and further fractionation. Wood turpentine comes from the extraction of stumps of pine trees using naphtha, and subsequent separation of rosin and turpentine by fractional distillation. Tail-oil turpentine is a byproduct of the Kraft sulphate paper manufacture. Terpenes are isolated from the sulphate terpentine and separated from the black digestion liquor. The composition of turpentine oils depends on its source, although a-pinene and p-pinene are the major components. 

Because most plastic bottles are recycled, it is necessary to separate the label and adhesive from the bottle. The label is contaminated with ink and not recyclable. The adhesive is also not recycled. Ideally the adhesive will stick tenaciously to the film, but release cleanly from the bottle during the recycling operation. Adhesives designed to aid in recycling have been developed for this market. They incorporate conventional surfactants in place of some or all of the oil in PSA compositions [69] or use ingredients such as rosin which when neutralized by base can function as surfactants. A goal of the recycling industry is to eliminate the need to use base in the process. 

Harz-masse, /. resinous mass or composition (Paper) rosin size, -milch, /. a suspension of resin or rosin, -naphta, /. resin oil. -31, n. resin oil rosin oil. -pech, n. resinous pitch, rosin. 

Rosin is an organic flux that has long been used for soldering. It is a yellow, transparent, and relatively hard resin secreted from wounds in the trunks of coniferous trees. Rosin is insoluble in water, and its exact composition and structure are as yet unknown. 

Several historic wax samples were analysed successfully with GALDI-MS. It was found that a group of eighteen white seals from medieval documents (thirteenth to fourteenth century) from the archive of the Canton of Lucerne (Switzerland) all mainly consisted of beeswax. For example, the mass spectrum of a white seal from 1377 (inventory no. URK636/12663) is shown in Figure 5.14b. The typical pattern of beeswax, as described for the reference sample, can be clearly recognised. An additional peak at m/z 303 may be caused by abietic acid in the form of the molecule cation (C2oH3o02, MW 302), as found for rosin (see Section 5.3.2). This hints at the use of a diterpenoid resin, which was a common hardener for beeswax. A more detailed discussion of the composition of medieval white wax seals has been published elsewhere [57]. 

The intensity of light emitted by pyrotechnic compositions is determined by the temperature of the burning components which, in turn, is dependent on the composition. Pyrotechnic mixtures which burn between 2180 and 2250 °C contain chlorates and perchlorates as oxidizers, and an organic fuel such as shellac or rosin. In order to increase the flame temperatures to 2500-3000°C metals powders are added such as magnesium. Light-emitting pyrotechnic compositions also contain metal compounds which produce spectral emissions at characteristic frequencies. 

The proximate principles of elemi are a transparent resin having acid properties, soluble in cold alcohol a second rosin taken up by boiling alcohol, bat deposited from the solution on eoolingin a crystalline state , a volatile colorless oil, which, according to Deville, resembles much the essence of turpentine, and of citron in composition, as in its reactions and a bitter extractive. The annexed per centages wore found by BoNAsrnE —... 

Cornet Powder. An expl composition consisting of KC103 75 rosin 25%- Cf with Comet Powder... 

Union or United States. Ester gum is produced by the action of glycerol upon pinewood rosin to produce its esterified form, a mixture of di- and tri-glycerides, then purified by a process of steam-stripping in order to de-aromatise it, providing an odourless, tasteless gum type of m.p. 8O-90°C. SAIB is produced by controlled esterification of sucrose using acetic and isobutyric acid anhydrides and its composition is consequently dependent upon reaction conditions. 

The first of these burns with a lilac-colored flame as contrasted with the flame of the second which appears white. These compositions are applied by adding the intimately mixed dry ingredients to a liquid known as black wax, procured by melting together 3 pounds of rosin and 1 gallon of liquid roofing-paper tar. The iron wires are dipped two or three times in the resulting slurry, and allowed to dry between dips. 

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