Competitive products, tests

Products Tested - The Model Test is now employed in testing not only the product under consideration, but also similar market products of known success as well as products known to have failed in such a utility, if any can be found. The duplication of the process steps, employed in producing the new product on the successful market products, may sometimes be a preliminary step to this test. If they fail any of these steps, alternate processing may be needed prior to the assay. In choosing competitive product testing, care should be taken to select those resulting in numerical values similar to the materials tested both above and below it. Widely separated results indicate a sloppy approach and unnecessary efforts. 

The company was a private label manufacturer of home maintenance and personal care products. Its laboratory would be involved with new product development, evaluation of raw materials, testing of competitive products, and quality control. Laboratory personnel would also be responsible for chemical safety in the plant and for proper waste disposal. 

Table 5.15 provided the purchasing characteristics of consumers who participated in the market testing through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. It indicated that consumers in the three markets were aware of the competitive products, bought them almost on a monthly basis, and spent on an average between US 4-16 monthly. 

If the survey deals with finished petroleum products such as cutting oils, quenching oils, or slushing compounds, a separate section is added covering tests on competitive products. These data are taken from a special library card file containing such information obtained from various sources. 

The reaction rate for the hydrolysis of starch (Eq. 2.1 in Table 3) is a Michaelis-Menten type model, which considers competitive product inhibition of glucose and substrate inhibition of starch. The hydrolysis of maltose (Eq. 2.2 in Table 3) is represented by a Michaelis-Menten type model with competitive product inhibition. These equations were tested by Lopez et al. [3] for hydrolysis of chestnut puree by an alpha and glucoamylase mixture. As the enzyme STARGEN also contains amormts of alpha and glucoamylase, it was not surprising that they (Eqs. 2.1-2.2 in Table 3) fit the hydrolysis data better than non-inhibitory Michaelis-Menten kinetics. 

The pioneering work on the calibration of intramolecular cy-clization of the 5-hexenyl radical by Ingold and co-workers provided the basis for the development of a large number of radical clocks." These are now used both for the calibration of rate constants for intermolecular radical reactions and as mechanistic probes to test for the intermediacy of radical intermediates in a variety of processes. Furthermore, the ready availability of bimolecular rate constants from competitive product studies using free radical clocks without the use of time-resolved experiments has greatly enhanced the synthetic utility of free radical chemistry. The same concept has recently been extended to radical ion chemistry. For example, rate constants for carbon—carbon bond cleavage reactions of a variety of radical cations and anions derived from substituted diarylethanes have been measured by direct time-resolved techniques. " ... 

As noted previously a descriptive analysis capability attracts attention because of the results it provides for example, the ability to describe specific differences among an array of competitive products. This section provides some details on how a descriptive analysis capability can be developed and a panel made ready to evaluate products in a relatively short time period. Starting with newly recruited subjects, one can have a panel available in 2 weeks - three session days for screening, five for language, and one for a pre-test. Once operational, however, a test can be organized in a day, followed by data collection. The duration of a test depends on the number and type of products and, as always, the objective. So any discussion about rapid methods must first begin with what is meant by rapid in the context of existing methods. 

The cycle starts with the product idea, the product test and finally the introduction into the market. In the beginning major costs accumulate due to the development of the product. When customers see the benefits of the product, the purchasing begins and the growth phase starts. Revenne starts to increase and profit increases to a positive level. The market reaches satnration in the maturity phase, which leads in the following to an intensified competition between prod-nets. The curve reaches the point of inflection and an overall decrease in profit and revenue starts to set in. In the decline phase profit decreases further and loss sets in here it becomes necessary to either take the product from the market or start relaunching the product through different performance features. Another possibility is the introduction of a new product onto the market. 

Plastic products are manufactured using a variety of processing techniques and materials. It is practically impossible to identify a plastic material or product by a visual inspection or a simple mechanical test. There are many reasons that necessitate the identification of plastics. One of the most common reasons is the need to identify plastic materials used in competitive products. Defective products returned from the field are quite often put through rigorous identification analysis. Sometimes it is necessary to identify a finished product at a later date in order to verify the material used during its manufacture. The custom compounders of reprocessed materials may also need to identify already processed material purchased from different sources. Quite often, processors find substantial quantities of plastic material, hot stamp foils, and decals in the warehouse without any labels to identify the particular type. A little knowledge of the identification process can save time and money. 

To decide on required and economically feasible protection the personnel engaged in this task have a vast variety of protective measures, systems, methods, techniques, and especially competitive products to choose from. Extensive engineering investigation, independent suitabUity testing, and practical proof of effectiveness may be needed to precede the final choice. 

Thus the widespread currency of impact data can be questioned on a more direct basis lack of portability to other geometries. Charpy or Izod impact strength cannot be used for design. As a result many species of ad hoc test methods have flourished without competition. Such methods range from impact tests on specimens having other elementary shapes (e.g. discs) to product tests (Drop Tests for containers. Falling Weight Impact Tests for appropriately vulnerable products such as pipe). 

Beside all these safety reasons, we are able to test 2 or 3 drums at the same time and by some improvements of the application we are able to reduce the test-period down to 4 hours, which results in an also for the production sufficient number of tested drums during the short shut down periods. These increase the availability and the production output of a plant and result therefore in a gain of safety an economical competitiveness of the European industry. 

---