Community attitude

Hamilton, L. A., Aliyu, M. H., Lyons, P.D. el al. (2006). African-American community attitudes and perceptions toward schizophrenia and medical research an exploratory study. /. Natl. Med. Assoc., 98, 18-27. 

Lee, D. and Pearce, PL. (2002) Community attitudes to the acceptability of user fees in natural settings. Tourism and Hospitality Research 4 (2), 158-173. 

The Belmont report describes the basic ethical principles that underlie research involving human subjects respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. The report discusses application of informed consent, assessment of ri.sks and benefits, and selection of subjects. Its regulations require that IRBs have not fewer than five members who have the capability to judge research proposals in terms of community attitudes. Therefore, IRBs must include people whose primary concerns lie in the areas of legal, professional, and community acceptance rather than in the overall scientific design. 

A checklist is an ideal method for measuring community attitudes tmd trends. The following presents some general subjects against which a community might be eveiluated ... 

Finally, to detect and defeat fraudand deception requires a theory of deceptive communication, attitudes, and behavior (Castelfranchi Tan, 2001). In what follows, we address this issue from a logical viewpoint. 

Petroulias, T. Community attitudes to road safety—2009 survey report. 2009, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, Canberra, Australia. 

The involvement of farmers and their attitudes towards transgene confinement protocols and the risk associated with the production of GM crops has not commonly been considered by regulators, yet cooperation between neighbouring farmers may be a fundamental requirement for transgene confinement (Mauro and McLachlan 2003 Riddle, 2004 Tolstrup et al., 2003). The human or cultural element of coexistence management is difficult to characterize and control (Mauro and McLachlan, 2003) and this makes coexistence success difficult to predict. Open communication between neighbours, either formal or informal, is an essential element of a successful coexistence plan (Riddle, 2004). 

The human element is not one third of sustainability it is central to its implementation (Pearson 2003). The challenge of sustainability is neither wholly technical nor rational. It is one of the change in attitude and behavior. Sustainability therefore must include the social discourse where the fundamental issues are explored collaboratively within the groups or community concerned. We do not do that very well, partly because of increasing populations, complexity, distractions, and mobility, but more because of certain characteristics of the dominant paradigm that are seen as desirable (Flicker 2001). 

Kirk-Smith, M., Booth, D. A., Carroll, D. and Davies, P. (1978) Human social attitudes affected by androstenol. Res. Commun. Psych. Psy. 3, 379-384. 

In communicating information about a food scare, there is recent evidence that the media might be more influential than one-on-one interactions. Empirical research conducted in April 1998 indicated that mass media had a negative impact on consumer risk perceptions, health concerns, and attitude and behavior toward meat. Compared to alarming reports of the press, personal communication (through butchers for meat products, for example) had only a small effect on consumer decision making (Verbeke et al., 1999). 

Outcome 2. Suppose, however, that risk attitude is the true driver behind a consumer s reaction to a food safety scare. In such a case, even if probabilities of being exposed to the risk are small, an effective communication of these probabilities will have little influence on a consumer s behavior. Instead, marketers will have to focus on ways to eliminate the risk. This may involve a total recall or an elimination of the risk (slaughtering of all potentially infected cattle or recall of all potentially tainted food). 

Frewer, L.J., Howard, C., and Shepherd, R. 1998. The importance of initial attitudes on responses to communication about genetic engineering in food production. Agricult. Hum. Values 15, 15-30. 

Branson (1955) was unable to document that Carver ever published in any scientific peer review journal. However, he did point out that there were African American contemparies of Carver who were making significant and documented contributions to science. A few Alrican Americans (e.g. Ernest E. Just and Charles H. Turner) did conduct research at major laboratories, such as the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. However, they often were confronted by the prevailing racial attitudes of the time. Specifically, Just and his family were subjected to racist incidents in both the scientific and non-scientific communities (Manning, 1983). 

Bechtel (1989) argues that the scientific community reflects the values of the larger American society in its social structures, beliefs, and attitudes. Therefore, like American society in general, American science (including much of the literature in social studies of science) reflects the dominance of whites, especially males. Bechtel argues that historically the African American scientist was viewed as an anomaly. 

This book is organized in seven major chapters. The first chapter addresses the historical presence of African Americans in the chemistry community. The second chapter discusses the demographic characteristics of the responding chemists. The third focuses on the interviewees educational experiences. The fourth chapter discusses workforce-related issues. The fifth chapter discusses professional activities, while the sixth chapter focuses on racial attitudes. The final chapter discusses the implications of the findings for policy and research. 

Report and follow-up After completing the intensive VIP workshop, the workshop facilitator completes the written VIP final report for the project record. During this time, the project management team assigns each approved recommendation to a member of the project team, estimates the engineering time and resources required to incorporate the improvement into the project scope of work, and communicates the results of the VIP within the integrated project team. This follow-up action plan creates a very positive and cost-conscious attitude within the project team that leads to Further improvements in project value. 

As noted in Chapter 2, the medical literature on patient compliance with medication is enormous. The assumption underlying much of the discussion is that if only doctors could better communicate to patients the necessity of following a medication regimen, compliance would increase. This may be so. However, medical treatment built on the presumption of a two-person social system-doctor and patient—misses the way each of us is embedded in a network of significant others. As the accounts in this section demonstrate, people s attitudes toward psychotropic drug use are inseparable from the perspectives and concerns of those with whom they wish to build... 

Other factors, such as the availability (or lack of availability) of community resources or the ingress of managed care policies that shape clinical behavior, might be invoked to explain possible changes in prescribing and help-seeking behaviors. In addition, studies of physician attitudes as well as parent and family attitudes about medications use and usefulness are... 

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