Communicating Transparency, Transparently

Effective communication can be the linchpin of corporate reputations negative impacts can be dramatic when stakeholders are not given the information or ability to make an informed choice. Transparency has become a critical business issue. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is the legislative incarnation of the spotlight that investors, consumers, and employees now shine on the financial statements of a company.19 

19The SEC adopted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002, requiring CEOs and CFOs to certify the accuracy of their public reporting and to file federal forms in a timely manner so as to improve the accuracy of information that is available to investors. 

20 Stockholders in firms reporting TRI pollution figures experienced negative, statistically significant abnormal returns upon the first release of the information (Hamilton, 1995). 

---

In this chapter, we share with you the aspects of communication that mattered most to the thousands of employees and managers with whom we interacted. We analyzed their input into the following 12 themes Formal organizational cormnunication. Downward communication. Upward communication. Informal communication. One-on-one cormnunication. Increased communication. Transparency, Career development communication, Mode of communication. Receiving feedback, Safe space, and Multilingual communication. 

Irrespective of the protocol used, communication programs act as servers to the database manager. When some functions request data from a remote node, the database manager will transfer the request to the remote node database manager via the communication programs. The remote node communication programs will relay the request to the resident database manager and return the obtained data. The remote database access and the existence of communications equipment and software are transparent to plant operators. 

Registration requirements, SOPs and decision criteria are documented to ensure transparency of the regulatory process and to facilitate communication between the regulatory authority, the pharmaceutical industry and the public. 

The general assessment indicates that the pharmaceutical industry experiences problems with transparency of dmg registration in two out of the 10 countries— Cypms and Uganda. The main problems cited involve communication between the DRA and the industry regarding clarity of procedures and adequacy of official explanations for the rejection of an application. In Cypms, the Dmg Council also raised issues concerning the fairness of treatment of foreign versus domestic industry, and the arbitration of contradictory quality analysis results provided by different laboratories, both belonging to the Dmg Council. 

Indeed, the major problems presented as problems of transparency, as perceived by the industry and consumers, appear to bear more relation to communication. Better communication, in the form of clearly written documents on processes and criteria, regular publications, face-to-face explanations and regular meetings, would doubtless help to ameliorate the perceived lack of transparency of the dmg registration process. 

Accountability and transparency have several aspects reporting to and control by supervisory bodies clarity and openness of procedures criteria for decision-making and decisions made and existence of systems for complaint and appeal. Accountability and transparency can be evaluated by examining, in particular reporting requirements, external reviews of the authority s performance frequency of publications and content of website (and other means of communication between the DRA, the public and the regulated parties) bodies to which complaints are directed and appeals procedures. However, the individual details of these elements of regulation make quantitative comparison difficult. 

The task of the DRA is to serve the public. Its operations must therefore be transparent to both clients (e.g. drug manufacturers) and consumers. Communication with clients should be a routine activity throughout the regulatory process. Information regarding its functions and the results of decisions should also be communicated regularly to the public. 

Jyothish, K., John, G., Vemula, P.K., Jadhav, S.R. and Francesconi, L.C. (2009) Self standing, metal nanoparticle embedded transparent films from multiarmed cardanol conjugates through in situ synthesis. Chemical Communications, 5368-5370. 

Knowledge communication from experts to politicians and public in general. Often information handed over from the water managers to the public is found not that reliable and/or relevant for the public. This is due to several reasons such as the use of too complicated language, the lack of transparency of the decision process and the lack of a clear view on the costs. 

Table 6.1 Abbreviations BAN, BANYULS bHLH, basic helix-loop-helix CHS, chalcone synthase CHI, chalcone isomerase DFR, dihydroflavonol reductase F3H, flavonol 3-hydroxylase F3 H, flavonoid 3 -hydroxylase FLS, flavonol synthase icx, increased chalcone synthase expression LDOX, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase LCR, leucoanthocyanidin reductase MATE, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion NR, not yet reported tt, transparent testa ttg, transparent testa glabrous the WD40 and WRKY transcription factors are named for conserved amino acid sequences within these proteins. PC = personal communication.

The er is a three-dimensional membrane system (57-62). As visualized in a transmission electron microscope, there are two parallel membranes with an intervening electron transparent space, the lumen. The form and abundance of the er vary. The rer are flattened sacs with numerous attached ribosomes (15-20 nm). In contrast, the smooth er (ser) lacks ribosomes. The er seems to function as a communication system within cells and can be continuous with the outer nuclear envelope. Although the rer is involved in protein synthesis, the ser functions in glycosylation. 

What has happened over the years has been an increasing trend in the industry to globalise. This means that the effect on a market at the other end of the world can have an impact on a domestic market. There are several reasons for this improved communications, multinational purchasing of caustic, more transparency, and, according to one producer, too many consultants. 

Participants suggested that it was important to build trust and to develop open and transparent processes. They emphasized the importance of using risk assessments as way to organize information which is to be communicated to decisionmakers and to the public. 

The most common cause of trouble when working with optically transparent electrodes (OTEs) is scratches in the thin film of conductor. Since the electrode is coated with a thin layer of semiconductor, a scratch can in effect cut right through the conductive layer, thus causing an insulatory channel. The two parts of the semiconductor on either side of the scratch are therefore prevented from communicating with each other, and so the portion of the electrode beyond the scratch is rendered useless. 

As the result of increased transparency, confidence can be re-established and the high outlay for communication within the current system can be reduced in the long term. This is especially important in areas where the identification and restriction of risks have to be stopped for pragmatic reasons or through inadequate knowledge. The aim is to reach a consensus about transparent rales of procedure. This should give more legitimacy to substance assessment and the decisions based on such assessments. 

Acidification of acid-sensitive waters is accompanied by severe changes in biological communities. Effects range from reductions in diversity without changes in total biomass to elimination of all organisms. In many cases the immediate cause of the changes is unknown. Some effects are the result of H" toxicity itself or of the toxicity of metals mobilized from the watershed, others have more indirect causes such as changes in predator-prey interactions or in physical conditions of lakes (ex. transparency). [14]... 

The Transparency Directive does not lay down a requirement for harmonisation of procedures, nor does it imply a need to harmonise prices within the Community, and even if harmonisation of prices were achieved the Directive does not mean that there would be harmonisation of Health Service reimbursement. 

European Commission Directive 89/105 EEC. Relating to transparency of measures regulating the scope of national health insurance systems. Official Journal of the European Communities 1989. 

---