Frequency of Performing the Job

Can the physical conditions that created the hazard be changed Physical conditions may be tools, materials, and equipment that may not be right for the job. These conditions can be corrected by either engineering revisions or administrative revisions, or a combination of both. 

If hazards cannot be engineered out of the job, can the job procedure be changed Be careful here because changes in job procedures to help eliminate the hazards must be carefully studied. If the job changes are too difficult, long, or uncomfortable, then the employee will take risks or shortcuts to avoid these procedures. Caution must be exercised when changing job procedures to avoid creating additional hazards. 

An example of changing job procedures might be to service equipment at the beginning of the shift rather than at the end of the shift. This will allow the engine and other components of the machine to cool down and thus will eliminate contact with or contact by hazards. 

Can the necessity of doing the job, or the frequency of performing the job, be reduced Often, maintenance jobs requiring frequent service or repair of equipment are hazardous. To reduce the necessity of such a repetitive job, ask what can be done to eliminate the cause or condition that makes excessive repair or service necessary. For example, a guard keeps vibrating loose on a piece of equipment, thereby requiring reinstallation. Different types of bolts and nuts, or some other type of fasteners, may eliminate the problem. 

Finally, can personal protective equipment be used The use of personal protective equipment should always be the last consideration in reducing the hazards of a job. The usefulness of personal protective equipment depends entirely on the worker s willingness to use it faithfully. It is always better to control the hazards of a job by administrative or engineering revisions. Personal protective equipment should only be considered a temporary solution to protecting a worker from a hazard, or as supplemental protection to other solutions. 

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Can the job be eliminated or the frequency of performing the job reduced (i.e., frequent maintenance repairs that could be prevented if the right, or more effective, replacement parts are used) ... 

If hazards are still present, try to reduce the necessity for performing the job or the frequency of performing it. Go over the recommendations with all employees performing the job. Their ideas about the hazards and proposed recommendations are valuable. Be sure that they understand what they are required to do and the reasons for the changes in the job procedures. 

Reduce the frequency of performing that specific job. Reduce exposure. Contain the hazard with enclosure, barrier, or guards. 

Because of the nature of the computations involved, firequency calculations are valid only at stationary points on the potential energy surface. Thus, frequency calculations must be performed on optimized structures. For this reason, it is necessary to run a geometry optimization prior to doing a frequency calculation. The most convenient way of ensuring this is to include both Opt and Freq in the route section of the job, which requests a geometry optimization followed immediately by a firequency calculation. Alternatively, you can give an optimized geometry as the molecule specification section for a stand-alone frequency job. 

In an interesting report, a worker in a CN-producing chemical plant who was known to be insensitive to the odor of CN (Nicholson Vincenti, 1994) gradually developed unusual symptoms while on the job. Initially, when he approached the CN work area, he reported feeling dizzy and weak and developed a headache and shortness of breath. These attacks interfered with job performance as they increased in frequency and severity and eventually began to occur during safety lectures on CN. A severe phobic anxiety for CN was diagnosed, likely associated with combined personal and work-related stress. 

There are four main uses of injury statistics (1) to identify high-risk jobs or work areas, (2) to evaluate company health and safety performance, (3) to evaluate the effectiveness of hazard-abatement approaches, and (4) to identify factors related to illness and injiuy causation. An illness and injuryreporting and analysis system requires that detailed information must be collected about the characteristics of illness and injuries and their frequency and severity. The Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970) established iUness and injury reporting and recording requirements that are mandatory for aU employers, with certain exclusions such as small establishments and government agencies. Regulations have been developed to define how employers are to adhere to these requirements (BLS 1978). 

We now turn to techniques used to synthesize speech from cepstral representations and in particular the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) commonly used in ASR systems. Synthesis from these is not actually a common second generation technique, but it is timely to introduce this technique here as it is effectively performing the same job as pure second generation techniques. In Chapter 15 we will give a full justification for wanting to synthesise from MFCCs, but the main reason is that they are a representation that is highly amenable to robust statistical analysis because the coefficients are statistically independent of one another. 

Other refresher training considerations can be the complexity of the job and the frequency that employees perform a task. If complicated equipment or processes are used, more frequent refresher training might be called for. Also, if employees perform the task so seldomly that they may have forgotten the proper procedures since the last time they did the work, then you may want to train to refresh their memories. 

If fatalities (or frequency rates) are a poor measurement of supervisory performance, what is a good measurement What is wrong with fatalities as a measurement Measuring our failures is not the best approach to use in judging safety performance. This is not the way we measure employees in other aspects of their jobs. We do not, for example, measure line managers by the number of parts the employee in their departments failed to make. We do not measure the worth of sales professionals by the number of sales they did not make. In cases like these we decide what performances we want and then we measure to see if it is getting done [2]. 

Next, specific chemicals in the process and how each is generally used should be determined. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for each chemical used needs to be obtained from the manufacturer of the chemical. Determine which tasks are performed during what jobs, and where and when those tasks are carried out. Employees in the work areas with the highest risk of dust exposure, such as drillers, laborers, baggers, and crusher operators, to name a few, should be especially observed in the initial walk-through survey of the operation. Maintenance and repair jobs that require working in confined spaces should be identified and described, and the frequency of occurrence should be noted. 

Including ReadFC is also useful whenever you already have performed a frequency calculation at a lower level of theory. When you have a difficult case and you have no previous frequency job, then CalcFC is a good first choice. CalcAII should be reserved for the most drastic circumstances. 

The ultimate outcome goal for any patient with epilepsy is elimination of all seizures without any adverse effects of the treatment. An effective treatment plan would allow the patient to pursue a normal lifestyle with complete control of seizures. Specifically, the treatment should enable the patient to drive, perform well in school, hold a reasonable job, and function effectively in the family and community. However, due to the intractability of the seizures or sensitivity to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), many patients are not able to achieve these outcomes. In these cases, the goal of therapy is to provide a tolerable balance between reduced seizure severity and/or frequency and medication adverse effects that optimizes the individual s ability to have a lifestyle as nearly normal as possible. 

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