Transparent electronics

It is now time to look at the Nyquist impedance plot of a real cell. Figure 8.12(a) shows such an impedance plot for the all-solid-state cell, IT0/W03/PE0-H3P04/1T0(H), at 8°C. The two ITO layers are needed as transparent electronic conductors (cf. Section 8.1.2). 

The wide band gap semiconductor ZnO has attracted much attention in recent years. This is stimulated by the development of transparent electronics, the growing need of emitters and detectors working in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the progress in the realization of ferromagnetic semiconductors with Curie temperatures close to or above room temperature. ZnO is nowadays applied as transparent front contacts of solar cells competing with the commonly used material indium tin oxide (ITO). The low cost of ZnO as well as the radiation hardness make... 

Snow, G., Fabrication of transparent electronic RLZT ceramics by atmosphere sintering, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 56, 91, 1973. 

V Transparent electronic conductors are required in certain applications. A thin layer of an electronically conducting oxide deposited on a glass substrate is then used. 

The basic device configuration typically consists of (i) an electrochromic layer, or mixed conductor, deposited onto a transparent electronic conductor this layer can be coloured or bleached by double injection or ejection of electrons and ions (ii) an electrolyte, or purely ionic conductor, in contact with the above described layer (hi) a counter electrode for storing the ions involved in the electrochromic reaction. Depending on the application, the electrolyte, the counter electrode and the whole cell may possess certain specific characteristics. 

The possibility of e-paper is a consequence of the development of thin transparent electronic circuitry based on conducting and semiconducting synthetic polymers. The development of these materials was recognized with the Nobel Prize in 2000. The Gyricon approach involves a thin, transparent layer of silicone rubber, impregnated with a high concentration of polyethylene spheres, typically 50-100 /um in diameter. Each sphere is black on one side and white on the other in addition, the black... 

Transparent electronic conductor thin films of Sn02 Sb (ATO) and In203 Sn (ITO) are very important as transparent electrodes for liquid crystal display devices, plasma display devices and solar cells. These films have been prepared mainly by gas phase deposition such as sputtering and CVD. Sol-gel method can be also applied to fabrication of such films. Coating of large areas as well as small areas is possible in sol-gel coatings. 

Ishikawa, F.N., Chang, H.-K., Ryu, K., Chen, P.-C., Badmaev, A., Gomez De Arco, L., Shen, G., Zhou, C., 2008. Transparent electronics based on transfer printed aligned carbon nanotubes on rigid and flexible substrates. ACS Nano 3, 73—79. 

Illustration of the mechanism of an electrochromic device (1 transparent electron conducting layers 2 ion storage layer ... 

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