Biomass total

Region Sohds Liquids Gases Electricity Biomass Total ... 

Conventional Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Solar/PV Wind Biomass Total Renewable ... 

Absolute rates were obtained by multiplying specific rates by total nitrogen biomass. Total nitrogen biomass was calculated from C biomass using a C N of 6.6. 

Biomass—Total weight, volume, or energy equivalent of all living organisms within a given area. 

The stable agricultural practices and well-established agro-based industries in Malaysia generate biomass totaling 77 million toimes annually... 

There is a tremendous volume of biomass (total plant mass produced by photosynthesis) that is available theoretically 170-200 x 10 mt grow on our planet annually, and only less than 3% is used by men, mostly for nutrition. Out of this, again less than 3% is used industrially. 

Several studies estimate the potential of available virgin and waste biomass as energy resources (Table 4) (10). In Table 4, the projected potential of the recoverable materials is about 25% of the theoretical maximum woody biomass is about 70% of the total recoverable potential. These estimates of biomass energy potential are based on existing, sustainable biomass production and do not iaclude new, dedicated biomass energy plantations that might be developed. 

Refs. 10 and 11. Total energy consumption including biomass energy estimated to be 88.426 EJ ia 1990. 

For the total integrated biomass production—conversion system, the arithmetic product of the efficiencies of biomass production and conversion is the efficiency of the overall system. An overall conversion efficiency near 45% would thus be produced by integrating the biomass plantation illustrated in Table 30 with a conversion process that operated at an overall efficiency of 50%. Every operation in the series is thus equally important. 

X MW in 1986, of the power produced in the same year. Biomass-fueled electric capacity and generation was 19.2% (4.9 x 10 MW) and 21.2% (23.7 X 10 MWh) respectively, of total nonutiUty capacity and generation. Biomass-fueled capacity experienced a 16% increase in 1986 over 1985, the same as natural gas, but it was not possible to determine the percentage of the total power production that was sold to the electric utiUties and used on-site. Total production should be substantially more than the excess sold to the electric utiUties. Overall, the chemical, paper, and lumber industries accounted for over one-half of the total nonutiUty capacity in 1986, and three states accounted for 45% of total nonutiUty generation, ie, Texas, 26% of total California, 12% of total and Louisiana, 7% of total. There were 2449 nonutiUty producers with operating faciUties in 1986, a 15.8% increase over 1985 75% capacity was intercoimected to electric utiUty systems. 

Utihty production of biomass-fueled electric power is much less than nonutiUty production. In early 1985, there were only 18 faciUties having a total capacity of 245 MW, ie, nine fueled with wood (180.7 MW), five fueled with MSW (33.8 MW), two fueled with agricultural residues (22.5 MW), and two fueled with digester gas (8 MW) (112,113). The largest was the 50-MW plant in Burlington, Vermont (114). 

Electric power generation using biomass as a fuel is economic in situations where the cost of the fuel is competitive with that of fossil fuels. The cost of a commercially available biomass steam—electric power plant is about 1500/kW for a wood-fired facility. If wood can be obtained at a cost of 2.00/GJ ( 2.10 X 10 /Btu), the total cost of power for base-load operation would be about 0.05/kWh. If wood or agricultural wastes are available at... 

Wood is one of our most important renewable biomass resources. Unlike most biomass sources, wood is available year round and is more stable on storage than other agricultural residues. In the United States, wood residues from iadustrial by-products totaled 60.8 x 10 metric tons ia 1993 (73). Increasiagly, residues are iacorporated iato manufactured wood products and are used as a fuel, replacing petroleum, especially at wood-iadustry plants (73) some is converted to charcoal but most is used ia the pulp and paper iadustry. Residues are also available for manufacturiag chemicals, generally at a cost equivalent to their fuel value (see Fuels frombiomass Fuels fromwaste). 

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