Colon cecum

Gastrointestinal Effects. No treatment-related effects were observed on the gross or microscopical appearance of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, cecum, and rectum of rats administered up to 140 mg 4-nitrophenol/kg/day by gavage in water for 13 weeks (Hazleton 1989). 

Also formed in the cecum of herbivores and to a lesser extent in the colon of humans. 

The distribution of inflammation in CD differs from that seen in UC, as any part of the entire GI tract may be affected in CD. The small intestine is the site most commonly involved. Within the small intestine, the terminal ileum and cecum are almost always affected. Approximately 20% of patients have isolated colonic involvement, whereas inflammation proximal to the small intestine is almost never seen without the presence of small or large intestinal disease.12... 

The large intestine consists of the cecum the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon segments and the... 

Bouchoucha et al. characterized colonic transit time in 30 healthy subjects and in 43 patients with inflammatory bowel disease using X-ray opaque markers. The response to food was different in the two populations in controls, the cecum and ascending colon emptied and filled the distal bowel, whereas in the patients only the splenic flexure and left transverse colon emptied. Movement through both the right and left colon in patients was observed to be much slower than in controls, both before and after a meal [55]. 

Postmortem findings include necrotic lesions in the mouth and nose, congestion of the ileocecal valve, engorgement and blackening of the folds in the cecum, colon, and rectum with "zebra striping," enlarged spleen, edematous lymph nodes, and bronchopneumonia. 

In terms of size and complexity, the human colon falls between that of carnivores, such as the ferret which have no discemable jrmction between ileum and colon, and herbivores like the rat, which has a voluminous cecum. The cecum, colon ascendens, colon transversale, colon descendens, and rectosigmoid colon make up the colon. It... 

INTESTINE Characterization of a membrane potassium ion conductance in intestinal secretory cells using whole cell patch-clamp and calcium-sensitive dye techniques, 192, 309 isolation of intestinal epithelial cells and evaluation of transport functions, 192, 324 isolation of enterocyte membranes, 192, 341 established intestinal cell lines as model systems for electrolyte transport studies, 192, 354 sodium chloride transport pathways in intestinal membrane vesicles, 192, 389 advantages and limitations of vesicles for the characterization and the kinetic analysis of transport systems, 192, 409 isolation and reconstitution of the sodium-de-pendent glucose transporter, 192, 438 calcium transport by intestinal epithelial cell basolateral membrane, 192, 448 electrical measurements in large intestine (including cecum, colon, rectum), 192, 459... 

A 53-year-old man developed ileocecal intussusception due to an edematous ischemic cecum, due to enterocolic lymphocytic phlebitis, with numerous associated thrombi. The phlebitis involved not only the ischemic area but also other sites, notably the entire right colon, terminal ileum, and appendix. All layers of the bowel wall were involved. The mesenteric veins were also prominently affected, but the arteries were spared. There was a marked lymphocytic infiltrate involving the epithelium of the entire right colon, ileum, and appendix. 

Rat Supplemented diet with (in g/kg) FA Absorption ( % of ingested dose) Foregut (small intestine/ stomach) Cecum Colon Residues FA in plasma (pM) ... 

Most of the propulsion in the cecum and ascending colon results from the slow but persistent haustral contractions, requiring as many as 8 to 15 h to move the chyme only from the ileocecal valve to the transverse colon, while the chyme itself becomes fecal in quality and also becomes a semisolid slush instead of a semifluid. 

It is likely that the hormone gastrin, which is secreted by the stomach antral mucosa in response to distension, also plays some role in this effect because gastrin has an excitatory effect on the colon and an inhibitory effect on the ileocecal valve, thus allowing rapid emptying of ileal contents into the cecum. This in turn elicits increased colonic activity. 

Colonic targeting has gained increasing interest over the past years. A considerable number of publications dealing with colon targeting, colon-specific drug delivery, and absorption from the cecum and other colon sections indicates a growing focus of research activities in this area. 

The experiments can also be performed by means of isolated enzymes that occur in the human cecum and colon [64], These are, for instance, azoreductases for azo-prodrugs, dextranase, or particularly endo-glucanases that are able to internally cleave polysaccharide chains. The latter seem to be more effective than the azoreductases in metabolizing drugs, prodrugs, and drug-carrier materials. 

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