Cecum

Histomoniasis is caused by the protozoan, Histomonas mekagridis found ia the Hver and cecum of birds. The protozoans from the cecum are more iafective than those from the Hver. Transmission primarily occurs by ingestion of the eggs of the cecal worm, Heterakisgallinanum which carries the protozoan and can survive several years ia the sod. 

We thank E.S. Giuliano for discussions, suggestions and encouragement. We also acknowledge financial support from Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia (INI, the use of the IBM Power RISC cluster of Centro di Calcolo A. Villari dell Universitlk di Messina (CECUM) and the European HCM Network Ah initio (from electronic structure) calculation of complex processes in materials . 

Annison, G. Trimble, R. P. Topping, D. L. (1995). Feeding Australian acacia gums and gum arabic leads to non-Starch polysaccharide accumulation in the cecum of rats. Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 125, No.2, (February 1995), pp. 283-292, ISSN 0022-3166. 

Also formed in the cecum of herbivores and to a lesser extent in the colon of humans. 

Only a few studies have been undertaken on the role of bacteria in nitrosation at neutral pH in the Intestinal tract itself. Hashimoto al. (9 ) demonstrated that by changing the equilibrium between different species of microorganisms in the gut, (by administration of antibiotics and inoculation with nitrate-reducing strains) dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) accumulated in the stomach and cecum of rats fed dlmethylamine (DMA) and nitrate. The authors describe only one experimental group, however, and the mechanism of NDMA formation is not clear. 

Gastrointestinal involvement may present initially as small bowel obstruction shortly after birth (known as meconium ileus) due to abnormally thick meconium that cannot be passed. Older CF patients may develop distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), formerly called meconium ileus equivalent, which occurs due to fecal impaction in the terminal ileum and cecum. 

The distribution of inflammation in CD differs from that seen in UC, as any part of the entire GI tract may be affected in CD. The small intestine is the site most commonly involved. Within the small intestine, the terminal ileum and cecum are almost always affected. Approximately 20% of patients have isolated colonic involvement, whereas inflammation proximal to the small intestine is almost never seen without the presence of small or large intestinal disease.12... 

The large intestine consists of the cecum the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon segments and the... 

Methylxanthines affect gastric and intestinal motility, but probably not the mouth-to-cecum transit time. 

Bouchoucha et al. characterized colonic transit time in 30 healthy subjects and in 43 patients with inflammatory bowel disease using X-ray opaque markers. The response to food was different in the two populations in controls, the cecum and ascending colon emptied and filled the distal bowel, whereas in the patients only the splenic flexure and left transverse colon emptied. Movement through both the right and left colon in patients was observed to be much slower than in controls, both before and after a meal [55]. 

Goni I and Serrano J. 2005. The intake of dietary fiber from grape seeds modifies the antioxidant status in rat cecum. J Sci Food Agric 85 1877-1881. 

Postmortem findings include necrotic lesions in the mouth and nose, congestion of the ileocecal valve, engorgement and blackening of the folds in the cecum, colon, and rectum with "zebra striping," enlarged spleen, edematous lymph nodes, and bronchopneumonia. 

In the cecum, the fermentation of any soluble fiber present produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gas (largely... 

In terms of size and complexity, the human colon falls between that of carnivores, such as the ferret which have no discemable jrmction between ileum and colon, and herbivores like the rat, which has a voluminous cecum. The cecum, colon ascendens, colon transversale, colon descendens, and rectosigmoid colon make up the colon. It... 

INTESTINE Characterization of a membrane potassium ion conductance in intestinal secretory cells using whole cell patch-clamp and calcium-sensitive dye techniques, 192, 309 isolation of intestinal epithelial cells and evaluation of transport functions, 192, 324 isolation of enterocyte membranes, 192, 341 established intestinal cell lines as model systems for electrolyte transport studies, 192, 354 sodium chloride transport pathways in intestinal membrane vesicles, 192, 389 advantages and limitations of vesicles for the characterization and the kinetic analysis of transport systems, 192, 409 isolation and reconstitution of the sodium-de-pendent glucose transporter, 192, 438 calcium transport by intestinal epithelial cell basolateral membrane, 192, 448 electrical measurements in large intestine (including cecum, colon, rectum), 192, 459... 

There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity in male and female mice based on increased incidences of hemangiosarcoma, carcinoma of the intestine (cecum), and hepatocellular neoplasms (females only). There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of p-nitrotoluene in male rats based on increased incidences of subcutaneous skin neoplasms, and there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity in females based on increased incidences of clitoral gland neoplasms. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity in male mice based on increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar neoplasms, and there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity in female mice exposed to 1250, 2500, or 5000 ppm in the diet. 

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