Intestines membrane vesicle

INTESTINE Characterization of a membrane potassium ion conductance in intestinal secretory cells using whole cell patch-clamp and calcium-sensitive dye techniques, 192, 309 isolation of intestinal epithelial cells and evaluation of transport functions, 192, 324 isolation of enterocyte membranes, 192, 341 established intestinal cell lines as model systems for electrolyte transport studies, 192, 354 sodium chloride transport pathways in intestinal membrane vesicles, 192, 389 advantages and limitations of vesicles for the characterization and the kinetic analysis of transport systems, 192, 409 isolation and reconstitution of the sodium-de-pendent glucose transporter, 192, 438 calcium transport by intestinal epithelial cell basolateral membrane, 192, 448 electrical measurements in large intestine (including cecum, colon, rectum), 192, 459... 

In eukaryotes there is also evidence that Met(O) is actively transported. It has been reported that Met(O) is transported into purified rabbit intestinal and renal brush border membrane vesicles by a Met-dependent mechanism and accumulates inside the vesicles against a concentration gradient102. In both types of vesicles the rate of transport is increased with increasing concentrations of Na+ in the incubation medium. The effect of the Na+ is to increase the affinity of Met(O) for the carrier. Similar to that found in the bacterial system, the presence of Met and other amino acids in the incubation medium decreased the transport of Met(O). These results suggest that Met(O) is not transported by a unique carrier. 

H Yuasa, D Fleisher, GL Amidon. Noncompetitive inhibition of cephradine uptake by enalapril in rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles An enalapril specific inhibitory binding site on the peptide carrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269 1107-1111, 1994. 

N Piyapolrungroj, C Li, RL Pisoni, D Fleisher. Cimetidine transport in brush-border membrane vesicles from rat small intestine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289 346-353, 1999. 

V Ganapathy, FH Leibach. (1990). Peptide transport in intestinal and renal brush border membrane vesicles. Life Sci 30 2137-2146. 

Ganapathy, V. and F. H. Leibach. Role of pH gradient and membrane potential in dipeptide transport in intestinal and renal brush-border membrane vesicles from the rabbit. Studies with L-camosine and glycyl-L-proline. J. Biol. Chem. 1983, 258, 14189-14192. 

Poschet, J. F., S. M. Hammond, and P. D. Fairclough. Characterisation of penicillin-G uptake in rabbit small-intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1996, 1278, 233-240. 

Kitagawa, S., J. Takeda, and S. Sato. pH-dependent inhibitory effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on cefroxadine uptake by rabbit small intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles and their relationship with hydrophobicity and the ratio of zwitterionic species. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 1999, 22, 721-724. 

Hashimoto, N., et al. Renin inhibitor transport mechanism in rat small intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. Pharm. Res. 1994, 11, 1448— 1451. 

Takano, M., et al. Bestatin transport in rabbit intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1994, 47, 1089-1090. 

Ishizawa, T., et al. Mechanisms of intestinal absorption of the antibiotic, fosfomydn, in brush-border membrane vesicles in rabbits and humans./. Pharmacobiodyn. 1992, 25, 481-489. 

Kobayashi, M., Suruga, S., Takeuchi, H., Sugawara, M., Iseki, K., and Miyazaki, K. A structure-relationship study of the uptake of aliphatic polyamine compounds by rat intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles, / Pharm. Pharmacol., 49(5) 511-515, 1997. 

Gunshin, H., Noguchi, T., and Naito, H. (1991). Effect of calcium on the zinc uptake by brush border membrane vesicles isolated from the rat small intestine. Agric. Biol. Client. 55, 2813-2816. 

Welsch, C.A., Lachance, P.A., and Wasserman, B.P., Dietary phenolic compounds inhibition of Na -dependent o-glucose uptake in rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles, J. Nutr., 119, 1698, 1989. 

Hashimoto, T., et al. Improvement of intestinal absorption of peptides Adsorption of Bl-Phe monoglucosylated insulin to rat intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 50 197. 

Langguth, P., et al. 1994. Metabolism and transport of the pentapeptide metkephamid by brush-border membrane vesicles of rat intestine. J Pharm Pharmacol 46 34. 

Luessen, H.L., et al. 1996. Mucoadhesive polymers in peroral peptide drug delivery. V. Effect of poly(acrylates) on the enzymatic degradation of peptide drugs by intestinal brush border membrane vesicles. Int J Pharm 141 39. 

Small intestine Uptake Digestive tract Epithelial cells Everted sac, Ussing-chamber experiments using intestinal epithelium, brush border membrane vesicles, Caco-2 cells monolayer, transporter expression system... 

Murer H, Gmaj P, Steiger B, et al. Transport studies with renal proximal tubular and small intestinal brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles vesicle heterogeneity, coexistence of transport system. Methods Enzymol 1989 172 346-364. 

Shoji T, Suzuki H, Kusuhara H, et al. ATP-dependent transport of organic anions into isolated basolateral membrane vesicles from rat intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004 287 G749-G756. 

Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV), prepared from rat intestine, were used to elucidate the function of P-gp in this organ and to show that the subcellular distribution of P-gp is localized to the AP membrane (411). The differences in P-gp-mediated efflux seen in the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum of... 

The first reported instances using isolated plasma membrane vesicles to study Na+-coupled transport were derived from brush borders of the small intestine (Murer and Hopfer, 1974 Sigrist-Nelson et al., 1975) and Ehrlich cells (Colombini and Johnstone, 1974). In rapid succession a number of other systems were established to study translocation of many solutes in many animal cell systems (Schuld-iner and Kaback, 1975 Lever, 1977 Hammerman and Sacktor, 1978 Wright et al., 1983 Saieret al., 1988 see also Table 1). 

Stevens, B.R., Kaunitz, J.D., Wright, E.M. (1984). Intestinal transport of amino acids and sugars Advances using membrane vesicles. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 46,417-433. 

Miirer, H Hopfer, U., Kinne, R. (1976). Sodium/proton antiport in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rat small intestine and kidney. Biochem. J. 154,597-604. 

The lysosomal enzymes The lysosomes are membrane vesicles ubiquitous to mammalian cells and contain a panoply of hydrolytic enzymes, estimated to be over 60 in number, that function to digest practically any biological macromolecule. They are important to the discussion of oral macromolecular drug delivery for two reasons. First, any macromolecules that escape digestion by the pancreatic and brush border enzymes are likely to be taken up into the epithelial cells by the process of endocytosis. In this process, the apical membrane invaginates and the target molecules enter endocytic vesicles that then fuse with the lysosomes and are subjected to intracellular hydrolysis by the lysosomal enzymes. Second, the sloughing-off of the epithelial cells means that the lysosomal enzymes will be released into the lumen of the intestine. They may be... 

Vendeland, S.C., Deagen, J.T., Butler, J.A., and Whanger, P.D. 1994. Uptake of selenite, selenomethionine and selenate by brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rat small intestine. BioMetals 7, 305 - 312. 

Itoh T, Tanno M, Li YH, Yamada H (1998) Transport of phenethicillin into rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles role of the monocarboxylic acid transporter system. Int I Pharm 172 102-112... 

The studies reported here using the isolated, vascularly perfused rat intestine system and isolated brush border membrane vesicles fail to support a role for a specific zinc-binding ligand involved in zinc uptake in the rat. Rather, the extent of zinc uptake involves the interaction of several phenomena, including both extracellular and intracellular reactions. It appears that the major pathway of zinc uptake under normal dietary conditions involves the transfer of zinc from various dietary components to a carrier mediated transport system at the brush border membrane. The net absorption of zinc from the lumen could involve a competition between various dietary components, zinc binding ligands and the membrane carrier for zinc. Thus, in some cases, those compounds in the lumen with a higher affinity for zinc than the membrane component will be less likely to permit transfer of zinc to the carrier, while compounds with a lower affinity for zinc will increase the amount of zinc made... 

Some thiamin is phosphorylated to thiamin monophosphate in the intestinal mucosa, although this is not essential for uptake, and isolated membrane vesicles wUl accumulate free thiamin against a concentration gradient. Thiamin does not accumulate in the mucosal cells there is sodium-dependent active transport across the basolateral membrane, so that the mucosal concentration of thiamin is lower than that in the serosal fluid (Hindi et al., 1984 Hindi and Laforenza, 2000 Dudeja et al., 2001). 

Malo C and Wilson JX (2000) Glucose modulates vitamin C transport in adult human small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles. Journal of Nutrition 130,63-9. 

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