Collection incident data

Probability of undesired event The probability of pipeline crack creation is evaluated from pipeline incidents statistics (database EGIG), which collected incident data since year 1970 on more than 122 000 km of pipelines. The overall incident frequency evaluated from database is equal to 0.41 incidents per year per 1 000 km. The incidents can have many causes, e most frequent cause is external interference (47%) Fig. 2. 

If a full team is formed, it continues the analysis, starting by collecting incident data. The immediate causes and root causes of the incident are based on known facts and an action plan for eliminating the root causes is formulated. 

The fact that the model connecting error types with their causes may change as a result of gaining further experience with the data collection system means that the informahon gathered on the PIFs in a situation may also change. For example, if incident data indicates the neglect of safety procedures because of production pressures, then the questions relating to this area wUl need to be extended. 

The personnel responsible for the collection and analysis of incident data vary in different organizations. One common practice is to assign the responsibility to an investigation team which includes the first line supervisor, a safety specialist and a plant worker or staff representative. Depending on the severity of an incident, other management or corporate level investigation teams may become involved. 

Individuals involved in accidents where error was a possible factor can have access to a computer which will allow them to provide information on a confidential basis. Although portable computers have not yet made a significant impact on incident data collection, there is clearly considerable potential in this area. 

Consideration of how formal data collection incident investigation methods are to be introduced into a plant in order to ensure acceptance and long-term support by the workforce... 

Bockholts, P. Collection and Application of Incident Data. /. Chem. E. Symp., Series 80, Kll-K21, 1983. 

Incident data collected by OSHA and EPA provide no functional capability to track reactive incidents so as to analyze incident trends and develop preventive actions at a national level. 

No single data source provides a comprehensive collection of chemical incidents from which to retrieve or track reactive incident data... 

It is difficult to identify causes and lessons learned in existing sources of process safety incident data because industry associations, government agencies, and academia generally do not collect this information. 

There are occupational mortality studies that have collected data appropriate for determining whether those engaged in the manufacture or application of heptachlor are at increased risk for dying of cancer. These studies have not shown an increased risk of cancer mortality (Infante et al. 1978 MacMahon et al. 1988). Occupational studies that collected cancer incidence data, rather than just mortality data, would be useful for further exploration of this issue. 

Historical incident data—Data collected and recorded from past incidents. 

The remaining contents of a formal written incident report can vary significantly depending on circumstances. A collection of data and additional reference information that some, but not all, readers may need is often included as an appendix. Typical supplemental information might include ... 

An infrared spectrum is a plot of percent radiation absorbed versus the frequency of the incident radiation given in wavenumbers (cm ) or in wave length ( xm). A variation of this method, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, is used for samples with poor transmittance, e.g. cubic hematite crystals. Increased resolution and sensitivity as well as more rapid collection of data is provided by Fourier-transform-IR (FTIR), which averages a large number of spectra. Another IR technique makes use of attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR) often using a cylindrical internal reflectance cell (CIR) (e.g. Tejedor-Tejedor Anderson, 1986). ATR enables wet systems and adsorbing species to be studied in situ. 

A useful source of data on the safety record of the transportation of expls is the Office of Hazardous Materials News, Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. A European collection of data on industry connected accidents is said to have been collected by Dr Karl Trautzl (Ref 44). The Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board has issued two series of publications (Ref 26). The first are the proceedings of the Annual Explosives Safety Seminars. The second publication series are the abstracts of expl accidents. These reports are submitted voluntarily by both government and industry and are complete with descriptions of causes, damage and casualties. Incidents related to the Fireworks industry are reported annually in the Fire Journal (Ref 64)... 

Clear definition of responsibilities and individual accountability are important. An individual may have the responsibility to develop and colleet metrics information but may not be accountable for the results themselves. For example, the objeetive for process safety improvement is to lower the number of ineidents, yet the individual responsible for collecting process safety incidents data may not be the person to be held responsible for an increase in incidents. The individual responsible for collecting data would, however, be responsible for the aeeuracy of the data. 

Incident management Agency notification and mobilization Mobilization of facilities and equipment Internal direction and control External coordination Public information Administrative and logistical support Documentation (incident data collection and after-action analysis) Incident recovery (resource assessment and replacement) Demobilization Agency notification and mobilization Mobilization of facilities and equipment Internal direction and control External coordination Public information Administrative and logistical support Documentation (incident data collection and after-action analysis) Incident recovery (resource assessment and replacement) Demobilization... 

A set of at least two cubes are used to achieve the full capability of the instrument. The relative locations of the radiometer cubes and the flare, as well as the orientations of the cubes are determined prior to the flare test and entered into the computer to allow real-time tracking of key flare radiation parameters. Each radiometer on the cubes is connected to a data acquisition system. The data acquisition system collects the data from each sensor and performs trigonometric calculations using a complex set of equations. The results are real-time parameters of the flare radiation total radiation levels from both cubes, incidence angles, and the flare epicenter coordinates. This instrument has three main advantages over the handheld instrument ... 

Analysis of Variance of the Incidence Data from 23 Experiments as Collected by Trenholm et al. (1979)... 

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