Cola drinks caffeine

C8H10N4O2. An alkaloid occurring in tea, coffee and guarana, from which it may be prepared by extraction, It is also manufactured by the methylation of theobromine and by the condensation of cyanoacetic acid with urea. Crystallizes with H2O or anhydrous from organic solvents. M.p. (anhydrous) 235"C, sublimes at 176 C. Odourless, and with a very bitter taste. Caffeine acts as a stimulant and diuretic, and is a constituent of cola drinks, tea and coffee. 

ENHANCING SLEEP PATTERNS. To promote the effects of the sedative or hypnotic the nurse provides supportive care, such as back rubs, night lights or a darkened room, and a quiet atmosphere. The patient is discouraged from drinking beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, or cola drinks, which can contribute to wakefulness. 

Advises to avoid other stimulants, including those containing caffeine such as coffee, tea, and cola drinks provides a written list of foods to avoid. 

Caffeine contained in tea beverage is absorbed at about the same rate as caffeine in coffee, cola drinks, or in pure water. Data to support this conclusion was obtained in a human feeding experiment.109 The theory that complexation of caffeine with the polyphenolic material in tea retards absorption110-111 is not borne out. 

Abstract Caffeine, a xanthine alkaloid, occurs in teaplants, coffee, mate leaves and cola nuts, ft is also commonly found beverages, such as cola drinks, tea and energy drinks. 

Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Food Additives (Benzoie Aeid, Caffeine, Aspartame and Aeesulfame-K) in Cola Drinks by PLS Multivariate Calibration Method... 

In this present work, an alternative PLS-2 method was investigated and applied to the determination of sodium benzoate (itsed for preservatives) artificial sweeteners Aspartame, Acesitlfame-K and caffeine in diet cola drinks. 

All chemicals and solvents used were analytical and spectroscopic grade. The sweeteners (aspartme, acesulfame-K), caffeine and sodium benzoate were obtained from Ulker Food Compai f, Turkey. Cola drinks were purchased from local markets. Stock solutions of 100 mL of Aspt, Ace-K, Caf and Na-Benz were prepared in 0.1 N H PO. 0.1 N H PO solution was prepared by diluting 9.09 mL orthophosphoiic acid (85%) to 1,000 mL. 

It has been estimated that beverage consumption may provide the following amounts of caffeine per cup or average measure coffee, 30-150 mg (average 60-80 mg) instant coffee, 20-100 mg (average 40-60 mg) decaffeinated coffee, 2-4 mg tea, 10-100 mg (average 40 mg) cocoa, 2-50 mg (average 5 mg) cola drink, 25-60 mg. The maximal daily intake should not exceed about 1 g to avoid unpleasant side effects, e.g. headaches, restlessness. An acute lethal dose is about 5-10 g. 

A cnp of coffee can contain 50-150 mg of caffeine, and cola drinks can have 35-55 mg. Theophiline,l,3-dimethylxanthine, a principal, characteristic alkaloid of tea, and theobromine, 3,7-dimethylxanthine (23.3.19), a principal alkaloid of cocoa, are among a number of methylxanthines. In small doses, caffeine is a relatively weak psychostimulant and is used for increasing awareness as well as for relieving headaches associated with blood flow disorders of the brain. Caffeine has a stimulatory effect on the respiratory and vasomotor centers, and it stimnlates centers of the vagus nerve. It has a direct stimulatory effect on the myocardium, and in large doses can cause tachycardia and arrhythmia. 

The US Food and Drug Administration classifies caffeine as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). This designation means that there are sufficient data and history of use to indicate that caffeine is safe to consume in the amounts commonly found in foods and beverages. The FDA allows caffeine to be added to cola drinks. 

Three xanthines are pharmacologically important caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. All three alkaloids, which occur naturally in certain plants, are widely consumed in the form of beverages (infusions or decoctions) derived from these plants. Coffee primarily contains caffeine (about 100-150 mg per average cup) tea contains caffeine (30-40 mg per cup) and theophylline and cocoa contains caffeine (15-18 mg per cup) and theobromine. Cola drinks also contain significant amounts of caffeine (about 40 mg/12 oz). The CNS stimulation associated with these beverages is predominantly due to the caffeine. 

Asa Griggs Chandler, another, more astute pharmacist who saw the potential in Coca-Cola as a soft drink rather than a tonic. In the next 15 years, he made a fortune from the Coca-Cola company and founded what was to become the world s best known multinational. The formula of Coca-Cola has chtmged over the years and the coca extract was removed in the early twentieth century and many decades later caffeine-free versions became available. Competitors produced their own versions of what became known as cola drinks, nearly always containing caffeine and a variety of natural and synthetic flavouring (Figure 2.7). 

Caffeine is a naturally occurring substance found in the leaves, seeds, or fruits of more than 60 plants. These include coffee and cocoa beans, kola nuts, tea leaves, guarana (Paulinia cupana) and Paraguay tea. Thus it is present naturally in many beverages, such as coffee, tea, and cola drinks, or is added in small amounts (up to 200 ppm) in some soft drinks and in foods such as chocolate. Caffeine is obtained by solvent or supercritical fluid extraction from green coffee beans, mainly during the preparation of decaffeinated coffee. 

In the 1800s, coca drinks were fashionable, and one in particular, Coca-Cola, became very popular. This was originally based on extracts of coca (providing cocaine) and cola (supplying caffeine) (see page 395), but although the coca content was omitted from 1906 onwards, the name and popularity continue. 

The kola nut, source of some of the flavoring of cola drinks, also has a bit of caffeine. About 5% of the 35 mg in a standard 9.5 oz (280 ml) serving of cola is naturally present from the kola nuts. The caffeine in sodas is added by the manufacturer. 

Tolerance to caffeine does occur, but it varies with different people. About six cups of coffee a day, ten cola drinks, or eight cups of tea can result in dependence or addiction. Withdrawal symptoms can occur after longterm use of just a few cups a day. — These symptoms can include headache, sleepiness, and lethargy. 

Caffeine experts cite the widespread use of coffee, cola drinks, water, and other drinks spiked with caffeine as making it the most widely used mind drug. After a period in which clear and no-caffeine drinks were popular, the trend toward caffeinated soft drinks and coffee is back. Many teens socialize at coffee shops instead of the soda fountains that attracted their parents. 

Methylxanthines include theophylline [thee OFF i lin] found in tea, theobromine [thee o BRO min] found in cocoa, and caffeine [kaf EEN]. Caffeine, the most widely consumed stimulant in the world, is found in highest concentration in coffee but is also present in tea, cola drinks, chocolate candy, and cocoa. 

Caffeine is an ingredient in coffee, tea, chocolate, and cola drinks. Its chemical name is 1,3,7-trimethylxanthene. You can see how long names like this would become unwieldy in word equations. 

Making these distinctions may well be up to the clinician, especially if he or she is planning to refer the patient to a primary care physician. In addition to the different diagnoses listed above, the physician will also explore many other causes of anxiety, including those induced by substances (excessive caffeine intake, known as caffeinism —usually seen in individuals who consume large amounts of coffee, tea, and/or cola drinks—is surprisingly common and overlooked in clinical practice). 

Cola is a caffeine-containing seed, or nut, from a tropical tree, the cola tree. In some African countries cola nuts are so valuable they are used as money. The nuts have a bitter, aromatic taste, and people chew them for their stimulating effect. Bottled cola drinks have very little cola nut in them and do not taste like cola nuts at all. Though they do contain caffeine, it is usually synthetic caffeine or caffeine extracted from coffee or tea. These soft drinks are also drugs, and people can become dependent on them, as with coffee. Also, they contain a lot of sugar. 

Thc popularity of stimulating cola drinks has led manufacturers to add caffeine to some other flavors tif carbonated beverages. Drinks so fortified must list caffeine as an ingredient. If you do not want to take drugs with your soda, you should make a habit of reading the information on bottles and cans. 

One of the most famous sources of caffeine is chocolate, also made from the seeds of a tropical tree. Chocolate, which contains a lot of fat and is very bitter, must be mixed with sugar to make it palatable. It, too, contains a stimulating drug, and cases of chocolate dependence are easy to find. You probably know a few "chocoholics." People who regularly consume chocolate or go on chocolate-eating binges may not realize they are involved with a drug, but their consumption usually follows the same sort of pattern as with coffee, tea, and cola drinks. 

Chronic overdose. Excessive prolonged consumption of caffeine causes anxiety, restlessness, tremors, insomnia headache, cardiac extrasystoles and confusion diarrhoea may occur with coffee and constipation with tea. The cause can easily be overlooked if specific enquiry into habits is not made including children regarding cola drinks. Of coffee drinkers, up to 25% who complain of anxiety may benefit from reduction of caffeine intake. An adult heavy user may be defined as one who takes more than 300 mg caffeine/day, i.e. 4 cups of 150 ml of brewed coffee, each containing 80 20 mg caffeine per cup or 5 cups (60 20) of instant coffee. The equivalent for tea would be 10 cups at approximately 30 mg caffeine per cup and of cola drinks about 2.01. Plainly, caffeine drinks brewed to personal taste of consumer or vendor must have an extremely variable concentration according to source of coffee or tea, amormt used, method and duration of brewing. There is also great individual variation in the effect of coffee both between individuals and sometimes in the same individual at different times of life (see Sleep, above). 

Decaffeinated coffee contains about 3 mg per cup cola drinks contain 8-13 mg caffeine/100 ml cocoa as a drink, 4 mg per cup chocolate (solid) 6-20 mg per 30 g. 

In young people high caffeine intake has been linked to behaviour disorders and a limit of 125 mg/I has been proposed for cola drinks. 

Breast-fed infants may become sleepless and irritable if there is high maternal intake. Fetal cardiac arrhythmias have been reported with exceptionally high maternal caffeine intake, e.g. 1.51 cola drinks/day. 

Coca-Cola was originally flavored with extracts from the leaves of the coca plant and the kola nut. Coca is grown in northern South America the Indians of Peru and Bolivia have for centuries chewed the leaves to relieve the pangs of hunger and high mountain cold. The cocaine from the leaves causes local anesthesia of the stomach. It has limited use as a local anesthetic for surgery on the eye, nose, and throat. Unfortunately it is now a widely abused illicit drug. Kola nuts contciin about 3% caffeine as well as a number of other alkaloids. The kola tree is in the same family as the cacao tree from which cocoa cmd chocolate cu-e obtained. Modem cola drinks do not contain cocaine however, Coca-Cola contains 43 mg of caffeine per... 

Fogden and Urry determined caffeine in cola drinks after a thorough extraction of the caffeine from alkalinized cola (ammonia) with dichloromethane, concentration of the solution and gas chromatography on a packed column ofVersamide 930 2 % on Phasesep N using procaine as an internal standard. The method gives a recovery of 95 to 98 % of the caffeine added to cola preparations. 

Molecular model of caffeine. Caffeine stimulates the cerebral cortex by inhibiting an enzyme that inactivates a certain form of adenosine triphosphate, the molecule that supplies energy. Caffeine occurs in coffee, tea, and cola drinks. 

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