Behavioural disorders

Wood RW, Grubman J, Weiss B Nitrous oxide self-administration by the squirrel monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 202 491 99, 1977 Wood RW, Coleman JB, Schuler R, et al Anticonvulsant and antipunishment effects of toluene. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 230 407 12, 1984 World Health Organization The lCD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992... 

Kohler, et al. (2000) in Germany compared the egg yolk luminosity and plumage condition of hens either reared indoors or at pasture. They found that intensive elements such as indoor cages and behavioural disorders led to low luminescence of the yolk, whereas fresh grass, exercise and space lead to a high luminescence of the yolk, which is correlated with intact plumage. 

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) A learning and behavioural disorder characterised by reduced attention span and hyperactivity. ADHD is a diagnosis applied to young children and is typically treated with the amphetamine derivative methylphenidate (Ritalin). 

West RJ, Jarvis MJ, Russell MA, Carruthers ME, Feyerabend C (1984) Effect of nicotine replacement on the cigarette withdrawal syndrome. Br J Addict 79 215-219 World Bank (1999), Curbing the epidemic governments and the economics of tobacco control. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington, DC World Health Organization (1992) The ICD-10 classification of mental behavioural disorders. World Health Organization, Geneva... 

World Health Organization (1992) The lCD-10 classification of mental behavioural disorders. 

Perino C, Rago R, Cicolin A, et al. Mood and behavioural disorders following traumatic brain injury clinical evaluation and pharmacological management. Brain Injury 2001 15(2) 139-148. 

Deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids may be a factor in the development of neurological and behavioural disorders, which has considerable clinical potential and significance in public health. 

One of the major limitations in studies of the genetics of behavioural disorders in children arises from the overlap with other conditions. For example, nearly 50% of the patients with ADHD also have co-morbid conduct disorders. In addition, a subtype of the disorder may exist in those children in which the disorder persists into adulthood. An additional problem arises from the overlap between ADHD and bipolar disorder this has been estimated to be as high as 16%. 

World Health Organisation (1992). The ICD-IO Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organisation. 

III. Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use (ICD 10 codes... 

Disorders of adult personality and behaviour (ICD 10 codes F60-F69), mental retardation (ICD 10 codes F70-F79), disorders of psychological development (ICD 10 codes F80-F89), behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (ICD 10 codes F90-F98) and unspecified mental disorder (ICD 10 code F99) are all often non-specific and/or cannot be treated with conventional psychopharmacological medicaments. For example, disorders of sexual behaviour have been treated with hormone therapies or antagonists and hyperkinetic disorders and other disruptive behaviour disorders in children have been treated with stimulants such as methylphenidate (Ritalin ). 

World Health Organization (1996) Multiaxial Classification of Child and Adolescent Disorders The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders in Children and Adolescents. Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press, pp. 43 5. 

Gowers, S.G., Harrington, R.C., Whitton, A., Lelliott, P., Beevor, A., Wing, J., and Jezzard, R. (1999) Brief scale for measuring the outcomes of emotional and behavioural disorders in children. Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA). Br ] Psychiatry 174 413—416. 

Lader, M. Clinical anxiety and the benzodiazepines. In Palmer, G.C. (ed.j Neuropharmacology of Nervous System and Behavioural Disorders. Academic Press, New York, 1981, pp. 225-241. 

It is indicated as hypnotic, in anxiety, tension, muscle spasm, psychosomatic and behaviour disorders, dysmenorrhoea, cerebral palsy, upper motor neuron spasticity, sedative for surgical procedures, labour, tetanus, eclampsia and epilepsy. 

It is indicated in fear, anxiety, tension, pre and postoperative apprehension behavioural disorders, insorrmia and emotional disturbances. 

It is indicated in acute and chronic schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, acute mania, hypomania and behavioural disorders in children antiemetic neuroleptanalgesia, Gilles de la Tourette s syndrome and Huntington s disease. 

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