Illicit drug abuse

Welle R, Kdnig HH, Leidl R (2000) The costs of health damage and productivity losses attributable to cigarette smoking in Germany. Eur J Public Health 10 31-38 Xie X et al (1996) The economic costs of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug abuse in Ontario. Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto... 

This chapter will review the various renal manifestations of illicit drug abuse. It will focus on the clinical and pathologic presentation, the course, the treatment, and the pathogenesis of these lesions. Secondary renal infectious complications will not be discussed, except for the interrelationship of HIV and heroin nephropathy. 

In 1995, the estimated economic cost to the United States of alcohol and illicit drug abuse totaled more than 276 billion. 

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is an illicit drug abused as a hallucinogen. 

Nearly 46 percent of treatment admissions were for illicit drug abuse treatment, and 54 percent were alcohol abuse treatment. 

Table 1. Nephrotoxicity associated with illicit drug abuse.

Recent World Health Organization (WHO) statistics estimate the following worldwide incidence rates of illicit drug abuse [35]. 

---