Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck

Hillebrand, S., Schwarz, M., and Winterhalter, P, Characterization of anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins from blood orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] juice, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 7331, 2004. 

Rodrigo, M. J., B. Alquezar et al. (2006). Cloning and characterization of two 9-cw-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase genes, differentially regulated during fruit maturation and under stress conditions, from orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). J. Exp. Bot. 57(3) 633-643. 

Rodrigo M and Zacarias L. 2007. Effect of postharvest ethylene treatment on carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in the flavedo of orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 43 14-22. 

Lu X, Zhou W, Gao F (2009) Cloning, characterization and localization of CHS gene from blood orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Ruby. Mol Biol Rep 36(7) 1983-1990... 

Lo Piero AR, Puglisi I, Petrone G (2006) Gene characterization, analysis of expression and in vitro synthesis of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase from [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. Phytochemistry 67(7) 684-695... 

Sweet orange oil is obtained from the peel of the fruits of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. It is a yellow to reddish-yellow liquid with the characteristic odor of orange peel and may become cloudy when chilled. Sweet orange oil is often produced in combination with orange juice (e.g., in the United States, Brazil, Israel, and Italy). 

Orange Oil, Coldpressed, occurs as an intensely yellow, orange, or deep orange liquid with the characteristic odor and taste of the outer part of fresh, sweet orange peel. It is the volatile oil obtained by expression, without the use of heat, from the fresh peel of the ripe fruit of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck... 

Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck - laranjeira, laranja Tranquilizer Leaf (infusion or decoction, ingested) Caboclos [57,59] Quilombolas [54] Flavonoids [206,207] essential oils [208,209] phenolic compounds Coumarins, fatty acids [210,201] quinoline alkaloids [211,212] Radical scavenging activity [276] antioxidant activity [277] inotropic effect [278]... 

Studies with essential oils in human beings have also shown beneficial effects. For instance, anxiolytic effects were observed in patients awaiting dental care treatment in a waiting room previously aromatized with essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck [378]. In another controlled study, 14 patients undergoing hemodyalisis benefited from hiba and lavender aromas and presented a feeling of calm [379]. Several studies on aromatherapy have attracted the attention of researchers in a study of chemical, pharmacological, and therapeutic properties of these substances [380]. 

Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. Moro Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. Tarocco Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. Sanguinello Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. Sanguigno... 

Oil of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), obtained by mechanical treatment... 

Properties From steam distillation of fresh peel of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (Fam. Rutaceae). Colorless to pale yellow liquid odor of fresh orange peel. Sol in fixed oils, mineral oil, ale insol in glycerin, propylene glycol. 

In 1973, Tatro et al (11)examined the qualitative and quantitative changes in essential oil composition of leaf oils obtained from Juniperus occidentalis, J. osteosperma and J, californica, and found that neither growth medium or seasonal variation had a significant effect on oil composition. By contrast, they observed a definite diurnal cycling which they attributed to the fluctuation in air temperature over a twenty-four hour period. Six years later, Hopfinger et al (16) examined the diurnal variation in the leaf oil of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. The authors found that there was a two-fold diurnal change in oil... 

Malerbo-Souza, D.T. Nogueira-Couto, R.H. Couto L.A (2003). Poliniza< ao em cultura de laranja Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck, var. Pera-iio). Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, Vol. 40, No. 4, p. 237-242, ISSN 1413-9596 Malerbo-Souza, D.T. Nogueira-Couto, RH. Couto, L. A. (2004). Honey bee attractants and pollination in sweet Orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, var. Pera-Rio. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Vol.lO, No.2, p. 144-153, ISSN 1678-9199... 

Singh, P., R. Shukla, B. Prakash et al., 2010b. Chemical pro le, antifungal, antia atoxigenic and antioxidant activity of Citrus maxima Burm. and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oils and their cyclic mono-terpene, -limonene. FoodCjwmCTQ j., 48(6) 1734 1740. 

Inhalation of citrus-based aromas Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)) or fragrances were found to restore stress-induced immunosuppression (Shibata et al. 1990) and antidepressant-like effects in rats (2 mL/min EO in the air ux) (Komori et al. 1995a). A clinical study with depressed patients revealed that inhaling a mixture of citrus oils was capable of reducing the needed antidepressant doses moreover, inhalation of the oil by itself was antidepressive and normalized neuroendocrine hormone levels (cortisol and DA) in depressive patients (Komori et al. 1995b). Relevant to these ndings, inhaled lemon oil Citrus limonum Risso (Rutaceae)) has been shown to increase the turnover of DA and serotonin after inhalation in mice (Komiya et al. 2006). 

Definition Essential oil obtained without heating, by suitable mechanical treatment of the fresh peel of the fruit of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (C. aurantium L. var. dulcis L.). 

Several Citrus EOs contain high proportions of limonene (14) as its major component. Orange peels are used as sedative in several countries, and EOs obtained from Citrus aurantiumC. (Rutaceae) fruit peels can contain as much as 97.8% of limonene (14). The anxiolytic and sedative properties of Citrus EO suggested by traditional uses have been assessed in mice (Carvalho-Freitas and Costa, 2002 Pultrini et al., 2006) and also shown in a clinical setting (Lehrner et al., 2000). The relaxant effects observed in female patients in a dental office were produced with a Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) EO composed of 88.1% limonene (14) and 3.77% myrcene (15). 

Inhalation of citrus-based aromas [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)] or fragrances were found to restore stress-induced immunosuppression (Shibata et al 1990) and antidepressant-like effects in rats (2 mL/min EO in the air flux) (Komori et al 1995a). A clinical study with depressed... 

Qiao Y, Xie BJ, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Fan G, Yao XL, Pan SY (2008) Characterization of aroma active compounds in fiuit juice and peel oil of Jinchen sweet orange fruit (Citrus sinensis (L.)Osbeck) by GC-MS and GC-O. Molecules 13 1333-1344. doi 10.3390/ moleculesl3061333... 

One of the most prominent MT-hydrocarbons is (+)-limonene, which occurs in nearly every EO of the citrus oils and is a major compound (up to 97 % [11]) in sweet orange oil (from the peel of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, syn. Citrus aurantium var. sinensis). Its odor is reminiscent of the typical sweet orange flavor, whereas its antipode (-)-limonene possesses an odor that recalls turpentine [12]. Sweet orange oil achieves its main importance in the flavor and food industry because it is easily obtainable (yield 5 % [11]) and due to its pleasant odor, which is accepted by everyone and is caused by the character impact compound [13] (+)-limonene. In the past, the use of (+)-limonene has experienced a great expansion. Besides its use in the food industry, it is used as flavor and fragrance additive in cosmetics, soaps, and perfumes, and also in medicine to mask the bitter taste of... 

TXRF has been used to quantify metals in protein bands in embryogenic callus (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) after separation by SDS-PAGE. The metal-contaiiung bands were detected by micro-SRXRF. The gel was then decomposed in a microwave oven and the metal-binding protein was quantified by synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence (SR-TXRF). Signals that were almost free of background noise could be obtained. ... 

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