Citrus-based aromas

Inhalation of citrus-based aromas Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)) or fragrances were found to restore stress-induced immunosuppression (Shibata et al. 1990) and antidepressant-like effects in rats (2 mL/min EO in the air ux) (Komori et al. 1995a). A clinical study with depressed patients revealed that inhaling a mixture of citrus oils was capable of reducing the needed antidepressant doses moreover, inhalation of the oil by itself was antidepressive and normalized neuroendocrine hormone levels (cortisol and DA) in depressive patients (Komori et al. 1995b). Relevant to these ndings, inhaled lemon oil Citrus limonum Risso (Rutaceae)) has been shown to increase the turnover of DA and serotonin after inhalation in mice (Komiya et al. 2006). 

Inhalation of citrus-based aromas [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)] or fragrances were found to restore stress-induced immunosuppression (Shibata et al 1990) and antidepressant-like effects in rats (2 mL/min EO in the air flux) (Komori et al 1995a). A clinical study with depressed... 

Limonene, a terpene hydrocarbon, is the major component of orange oil (3), and it is present in orange juice at a level almost 800 times its taste threshold in water. Limonene possesses a weak, citrus-like aroma but does not by itself impart an orangelike flavor note to a bland orange juice base (5 6). Limonene and the other terpene hydrocarbons probably make a significant... 

The project requires a focus on three aspects citrus, intensity aroma and acidity. We want to compare four products according to these criteria, so we construct a questionnaire (Fig. 16.8). Based on the data process, we obtained the values shown in Fig. 16.9. We conclude that Trial Product 678 has more citrus taste and is more acidic than the others. On intensity, this product is also the strongest, but equal to Trial Product 125. 

Various chemical processes of limonene, which lead to the obtainment of useful chemicals and some analytical methods, are based on these reactions. Many flavor chemicals are synthesized from limonene by reaction with water, sulfur and halogens, or hydrolysis, hydrogenation, boration, oxidation and epoxide formation (Thomas and Bessiere, 1989). Hydroperoxides have also been studied and isolated because of their effect on off-flavor development in products containing citrus oil flavoring agents (Clark et al., 1981 Schieberle et al., 1987). Hydration of d-limonene produces alpha-terpineol, a compound that gives off an undesirable aroma in citrus-flavored products. It is also possible to produce alpha-terpineol and other useful value-added compounds... 

On the other hand, perfumes, and also the pure fragrance chemicals that compose the perfume, can also be classified according to the note they provide, i.e. according to the fragrance type. So, one can find different types, like floral, which reminds one of scents similar to jasmine, rose, heliotrope, etc citrus, which are aromas reminiscent of lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, etc. fruity, based on non-citrus fruity odours like peach. 

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