Bacillus anthracis Anthrax

Slow-acting, noncontagious Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) Flu-like symptoms <7 days... 

Events involving deliberate or accidental distribution of bacterial pathogens into our everyday environment have clearly defined the need for a sensitive, specific, and rapid method of bacterial detection. Bioterrorism was first introduced in the United States in 1984 with the Salmonella typhimurium attack in The Dalles, Oregon, by a cult group attempting to affect a local election.1 As a result of this act 751 people contracted salmonellosis, which totally overwhelmed the hospitals and medical clinics with patients. Later our society became keenly aware of the potential of bioterrorism during the last four months of 2001 when Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spores were sent through the US mail in an envelope to several locations. These events had... 

Anthrax Bacillus anthracis anthrax Increases vascular permeabihty leading to oedema, haemorrhage and circulatory collapse... 

Bacillus anthracis Anthrax pneumonia Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline plus a penicillin another [alternative] agent Clarithromycin clindamycin chloramphenicol imipenem rifampin vancomycin... 

The activity of fluoroquinolones includes Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax may also be treated with penicillins or tetracyclines. 

Currently there is considerable interest in fluoroquinolone antibacterials as these pharmaceuticals are used for the treatment of infections resulting from exposure to Bacillus anthracis (anthrax). In particular, Ciprofloxacin is specifically recommended however, utilization of other fluoroquinolones such as Levaquin and Te-quin is imder investigation. The first fluoroquinolone to establish clinical usage was Norfloxacin (1). This pharmaceutical also serves as an excellent example of the typical synthesis of fluoroquinolones which are almost invariably prepared via nucleophilic addition (SwAr) of an amine to a fluorochloroquinolone (2) as the final step (Scheme 1 However, it is known that this step may produce 10 - 25 % of an undesrred fluoro-substituted byproduct (3). ... 

Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) Bacillus cereus, subtilis Clostridium perfringens... 

Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax most commonly occurs in hoofed mammals and can also infect humans. 

Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax most commonly occurs in wild and domestic lower vertebrates (cattle, sheep, goats, camels, antelopes, and other herbivores), but it can also occur in humans when they are exposed to infected animals or tissue from infected animals. 

Category A agents These agents occupy the highest rank, as they can be easily disseminated and transmitted from one person to another. They cause the highest mortality and are a major public health concern. Examples include Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and Yersinia pestis (plague). 

R-400 nerve agent aerial homhs found at Iraqi Al-lValid airhase. Iraq also filled this type of ordnance with Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spores. This photograph was taken in fall 1991. (Courtesy of United Nations, Photograph by H. Arvidsson.)... 

---