Cinnamomum

Cinnamomum cassia B/um (Lauraceae) is the so-caUed cassia. It is native to southeastern China and has not been grown successfuUy outside of this area. The dried bark of this evergreen tree is stripped, ground, and sold almost exclusively in China. The leaves and twigs of the tree contain the same flavor components as the bark and are steam distUled to yield the cassia oil of commerce. Infrequently, smaU amounts of bark are bundled and exported as cassia lignea but caimot compete with the other varieties as bark spice. The Chinese prefer to seU the essential oil. 

Phenyl-2-propenal [104-55-2], also referred to as cinnamaldehyde, is a pale yeUowHquid with a warm, sweet, spicy odor and pungent taste reminiscent of cinnamon. It is found naturally in the essential oils of Chinese cinnamon Cinnamomum cassia, Blume) (75—90%) and Ceylon cinnamon Cinnamomum lanicum, Nees) (60—75%) as the primary component in the steam distilled oils (27). It also occurs in many other essential oils at lower levels. 

Phenyl-2-propen-l-ol [104-54-1], commonly referred to as cinnamyl alcohol, is a colorless crystalline soHd with a sweet balsamic odor that is reminiscent of hyacinth. Its occurrence in nature is widespread as, for example, in Hyacinth absolute (Hyacinthus orientalis) (42), the leaf and bark oils of cinnamon Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum lancium, etc), and Guava fmit [Psidiumguajava L.) (43). In many cases it is also encountered as the ester or in a bound form as the glucoside. 

Simmer some cinnamon Cinnamomum species) bark in 2 cups of water then add 1 tsp. of elder flowers or berries to make a warming tea on chilly days. 

Caryophyllidae are an interesting source of oligosaccharides and peptides with potential anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulating effect. These polar compounds might for instance explain the fact that the fresh juice expressed from Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) inhibits carrageenan-induced edema in rodent. Note that the seeds of Gomphrena species inhibit the formation of IL-6 by osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E10) without cytotoxicity in vitro. Such property could be useful for the treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis, infection, and cancer. In the Lauraceae, trans-cinnamal-dehyde from Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae, order Laurales) inhibits in vitro the... 

Sathishkumar, M., Sneha, K., Kwak, I.S., Mao, J.,Tripathy, S.J. andYun, Y.-S. (2009) Phyto-crystallization of palladium through reduction process using Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract. Journal of Hazardous materials, 171, 400-404. 

Chua M-T, Tung Y-T and Chang S-T. 2008. Antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts from the twigs of Cinnamomum osmophloeum. Bioresource Technol 99(6) 1918-1925. 

Shan B, Cai YZ, Brooks JD, Corke H. (2007) Antibacterial properties and major bioactive components of cinnamon stick (Cinnamomum burmannii) Activity against foodbome pathogenic bacteria. JAgric Food Chem 55 5484-5490. 

Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Grevillea pteridifolia Eucryphia cordifolia... 

Insect repellents camphor/ monoterp. drugstore Cinnamomum camphora T. Nees Ebermeier, Lauraceae, Ang. 

Mukerjee, R.K., Fujimoto, Y., and Kakinuma, K., l-(w-Hydroxyfattyacyl)glycerols and two flavanols from Cinnamomum camphora, Phytochemistry, 37, 1641, 1994. 

Cinnamomum cassia (Laur.) Cinnamomum cassia (Laur.)... 

CioHifiO, M, 152.24, (+)-camphor ftj iookPa 204 °C, mp 178.8 °C, [a] + 44.3° both optical isomers are found widely in nature, (+)-camphor [464-49-3] being the more abundant. It is, for example, the main component of oils obtained from the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora. 

Camphor oil is obtained by steam distillation of the wood of the camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Sieb. (Lauraceae) growing in China, Taiwan, and Japan. The main constituent of the crude oil is camphor (ca. 50%), which can be separated by crystallization on cooling and subsequent centrifugation. Fractionation of the mother liquor gives two oils ... 

Camphor oils with a high safrole content can also be obtained by steam distillation from other Cinnamomum species (see sassafras oils). 

Cassia oil (Chinese ciimamon oil) is obtained by steam distillation of the leaves, twigs, and bark of Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees (C. cassia Bl., Lauraceae). It is a reddish-brown liquid with a sweet-spicy, cinnamon-like odor. 

Cinnamon leaf oil is produced by steam distillation of the leaves of the cinnamon tree, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Bl. (C. verum J.S. Presl). The main countries in which the oil is produced are Sri Lanka, the Seychelles, southern India, Madagascar, and the Comoro Islands. It is a reddish-brown to dark brown liquid with a characteristic spicy odor, reminiscent of clove buds. 

Cinnamon bark, Ceylon Cinnamomum zey-lanicum Nees Cinnamaldehyde (55-75)... 

Sassafras, Chinese Cinnamomum cam-phora Sieb. High boUing fraction safrole (80-90)... 

Cinnamaldehyde Cinnamomum cassia) is a potent inducer of apoptosis via ROS generation, thereby inducing mitochondrial permeability, depletion of intracellular thiols, activation of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation [364]. Farnesol was also found to initiate apoptotic cell death [312, 318, 365], while other studies showed that dietary administration of cinnamaldehyde significantly inhibited pulmonary tumorigenesis in mice [366]. 

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