Cinnamic acid benzoin

Phenyl-2-propenoic acid [621 -82-9] commonly referred to as cinnamic acid, is a white crystalline soHd having a low intensity sweet, honeylike aroma. It has been identified as a principal constituent in the botanical exudates from Styrax IJquidamber orientalis) Benzoin Styrax ben in Pern Balsam [Myroxylon pereirae and Tolu Balsam (]Ayro>ylon balsamum) (4,5). In these, as well as numerous other natural products, it exists both as the free acid and in the form of one or more of its esters, as for example, methyl cinnamate, ben2yl cinnamate [103 1 -3] and cinnamyl cinnamate. 

I. Pastorova, C.G. de Koster, J.J. Boon, Analytical study of free and ester bound benzoic and cinnamic acids of gum benzoin resins by GC MS and HPLC frit FAB MS, Phytochemical... 

The procedure described is essentially that of Ballard and Dehn.1 Stilbene has also been prepared by reduction of desoxy-benzoin,20 benzaldehyde,23 and benzil 2o-2c by dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene,30 toluene,30- 33- 3, and bibenzyl 33-3alkaline reduction of phenylnitromethane,40 phenylnitroacetonitrile,40 and desoxybenzoin 43 by distillation of benzyl sulfone,50 benzyl sulfide,60-63 calcium cinnamate,5 cinnamic acid,5d phenyl cinna-mate,6e-6/ and diphenyl fumarate ie by dehydrohalogenation of a,a -dichlorobibenzyl60 and benzyl chloride 63 by dehalogenation of a,a,c/,a -tetrachlorobibenzyl70 and benzal chloride 73 by the coupling of cinnamic acid and phenyldiazonium chloride 8 by de-... 

Benzamido-cinnamic acid, 20, 38, 353 Benzofuran polymerization, 181 Benzoin condensation, 326 Benzomorphans, 37 Benzycinchoninium bromide, 334 Benzycinchoninium chloride, 334, 338 Bifiinctional catalysts, 328 Bifiinctional ketones, enantioselectivity, 66 BINAP allylation, 194 allylic alcohols, 46 axial chirality, 18 complex catalysts, 47 cyclic substrates, 115, 117 double hydrogenation, 72 Heck reaction, 191 hydrogen incorporation, 51 hydrogen shift, 100 hydrogenation, 18, 28, 57, 309 hydrosilylation, 126 inclusion complexes, oxides, 97 ligands, 19, 105 molecular structure, 50, 115 mono- and bis-complexes, 106 NMR spectra, 105 olefin isomerization, 96... 

Benzoe Sumatra resinoid is obtained by solvent extraction of the resin from Styrax benzoin Dryand., a tree growing predominantly on the island of Sumatra. Benzoe Sumatra resinoid is a dark brown, viscous liquid with a warm, powdery, sweet-balsamic odor. Its main volatile, odor-determining components are derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids and vanillin [284]. 

Benzoc Sumatra Sumatra-benzoin Styrax benzoin DRY AND.. Styracaceae BP 93, USP XXII, MD Ciimanioyl benzoate and coniferyi benzoate (70%-80%), cinnamic acid esters, styracin, cinnamic acid (about 10%), cinnamic acid pheiiylpropy] CvSter (about L%), vanillin (about 1%), sumaresinolic acid (= 6-hydroxyoleanolic acid)... 

Gum Benzoin. Resin benzoin resin benjamin gum benjamin. Balsamic resin from Styrax benzoin Dryand., known as Sumatra benzoin, or from S. tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib, Styracaceae, or other species of Styrax known as Siam benzoin. Habit. Thailand, Cambodia, S. Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, and Sunda Islands. Constit. Ethereal oil, free and combined benzoic and cinnamic acids up to 39%, vanillin, coniferyl benzoate, resin (a mixture of benzoresino] and ben-zoresinotannol) ester fled with benzoic acid, styrol, styradn. Not less than 90% of Siam and not less than 75% of Sumatra benzoic is sol in ale (U.S.F.), Ref Reinitzer, Arch. Pharm. 264, 131 (1926) Brans, Pharm. Weekbl. 73, 374 (1936) Freudenberg, Bittner, Ber. 83, 600 (1950). 

Cinnamic Acid, C6H5.CH = CH.COOH, is the most important member of the class of unsaturated aromatic acids. It occurs in oil of cinnamon, the balsams of Peru and Tolu, gum-benzoin, storax, and the leaves, of certain plants. The acid crystallizes from hot water, melts at 134°, and boils with partial decomposition at 300°. 

Hydrocinnamyl alcohol (3-phenyl-1-propanol). H5C6-CH2-CH2-CH2OH, C9H.20, Mr 136.19. Liquid with a pleasantly sweet, reseda-like odor, bp. 253 °C, bp. 119°C (1.6 kPa), soluble in water and alcohol. H. esteriiied with cinnamic acid occurs in benzoin gum, peru balsam and storax. H. is used in many fragrances. 

Properties Dk. brn. vise, liq., pleasant vanilla odor sol. in fixed oils si. sol. in propylene glycol insol. in water, glycerin dens. 1.150-1.170 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 5 g/kg, (skin, rabbit) >10 g/kg low toxicity by ing. and skin contact skin irritant mild allergen can cause contact dermatitis and stuffy nose common sensitizer may cross react with benzoin, rosin, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, essential oils, storax, etc. TSCA listed Precaution Combustible when heated Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes... 

The major constituents of Sumatra benzoin are p-coumaryl cinnamate, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl cinnamate (styracin), p-coumaryl benzoate, pinoresinol, benzoic acid, coniferyl cinnamate, and coniferyl benzoate. The major constituents of Siam benzoin are p-coumaryl benzoate, benzoic acid, pinoresinol, cinnamic... 

ALT AND AST. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are enzymes located in liver cells that leak out into the general circulation when liver cells are injured. Previously known as the SGPT (serum glutamic-pymvic transaminase) and the SCOT (serum glutaic-oxaloacetic transaminase), respectively ATPASE. Adenosine triphosphatase BALSAMS. Mixtures of resins that contain relatively large amounts of cinnamic or benzoic acid or their esters. Typical balsams are balsam Peru, balsam Tolu, styrax, and benzoin. Canada balsam, Oregon balsam, and copaiba balsam are not true balsams since they do not contain benzoic or cinnamic acid or their esters. Balsams are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol... 

Siam benzoin contains no cinnamic acid and is almost entirely soluble in 90 per cent ethanol. It is included in the U.S.P. and the limits for benzoin under that authority include a minimum of 75 per cent alcohol-soluble extractive for Sumatra benzoin and 90 per cent for Siam benzoin. The U S,P, assay for alcohol-soluble extract is taken from the method of Bennett and Bickford. ... 

Benzoe resin (also known as benzoin) comes from Styrax spp. (Styraceae family). In the Sty rax genus the only species that occurs in the Mediterranean is Styrax officinalis, so this was probably the source of the resin in ancient times in that area. Benzoe mainly contains free cinnamic and benzoic acids, and their corresponding esters with cinnamyl, p-coumaryl and coniferyl alcohols. The amounts of these compounds are quite variable and depend on which species the resin was obtained from [129]. 

Styrax tonkinensis Pierre. S. benzoin Dryand An Xi Xian (Styrax) (leaf) Sumaresinolic acid, coniferyl cinnamate, styracin, vanillin, alpha-phenylpropyl cinnamyl cinnamate, balsamic acid.33-50 As an aromatic stimulant, for aphrodisiac, an astringent. 

N.A. Styrax benzoin Dryander Cinnamic, benzoic, sumaresinolic acid esters, benzoic acid, benzaldehyde, vanillin.99 Antiseptic, astringent. Externally for wounds and ulcers, internally to settle cramps, stimulate coughing, disinfect the urinary tract. 

Benzyl Alcohol, NF. Ben/yl alcohol (phenylcarbinol. phenylmethanol) occurs naturally as the unesteriried form in oil of jasmine and in esters of acetic, cinnamic, and benzoic acids in gum benzoin,. storax re.sin. Peru balsam, tolu balsam, and some volatile oils. It is. soluble in water and alcohol and is a clear liquid with an aromatic odor. 

Benzoin, or gum benzoin, is a resinous secretion obtained from cuts made in the trunk or branches of the Styrax benzoin tree. It contains coniferyl benzoate, benzoic acid, benzyl cinnamate, vanillin (a phenol aldehyde) and a number of triterpenes. ... 

These are resinous mixtures that contain cinnamic and/or benzoic acid or their esters. Benzoin is a balsamic resin derived from the bark of Styrax benzoin (Styraceae) trees in Southeast Asia. Benzoin contains cinnamic, benzoic and triterpene acids. Its action is antiseptic, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic and antifungal. It is used as a food preservative and also as an ingredient in pharmaceutical preparations such as Whitfield s Ointment (with salicylic acid) for ringworm and athlete s foot (Tyler et al. 1988). 

Benzoin contains chiefly esters of cinnamic and benzoic acids together with free acids. Amounts and types of esters and acids vary widely depending on the source. ... 

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