Chromatography of amino acids

Moore, S., Spackman, D., and Stein, W. H., 1958. Chromatography of amino acids on sulfonated polystyrene resins. Analytical Chemistry 30 1185-1190. 

G. Haugaard and T. D. Kroner, Partition chromatography of amino acids with applied voltage , 7. Am. Chem. Soc. 70 2135-2137 (1948). 

Aguilar, M. I., Hodder, A. N., and Hearn, M. T. W., High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. LXV. Studies on the optimisation of the reversed-phase gradient elution of polypeptides. Evaluation of retention relationships with (3-endorphin-related polypeptides, /. Chromatogr., 327, 115, 1985. 

Zammouri, A., Chanel, S., Muhr, L., and Grevillot, G., Displacement chromatography of amino acids by carbon dioxide dissolved in water, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38, 4860, 1999. 

Hamilton, P. B., Ion exchange chromatography of amino acids. A single column, high resolving, fully automatic procedure, Anal. Chem., 35, 2055, 1963. 

Murren, C., Stelling, D., and Felstead, G., An improved buffer system for use in single-column gradient-elution ion-exchange chromatography of amino acids, /. Chromatogr., 115, 236, 1975. 

Engel, M. H. and P. E. Hare (1985), Gas liquid chromatography of amino acids and their derivatives, in Barrett, G. C. (ed.), Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Amino Acids, Chapman Hall, London, pp. 462-499. 

Fig. 1.3 High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids. Source Own files... 

Figure 10.17 Two-dimensional high voltage electrophoresis and chromatography of amino acids. Paper high voltage electrophoresis (4000 V) in an acetic acid-formic acid buffer at pH 2.0 in the first dimension followed by descending chromatography in the second dimension in an n-butanol-acetic acid-water solvent (12 3 5). The spots were visualized with a ninhydrin-collidine reagent.

Example ion-pair liquid chromatography of amino acids. Amino acids are zwitterions. The amino group can form an ion-pair with an alkanesulfonate ion (such as octanesulfonate), and the carboxyl group can form an ion-pair with a tetrabutylammonium ion, depending on the pH of the solution. 

Yarovsky, L, Aguilar, M.I., and Hearn, M.T.W., High-performance liquid-chromatography of amino-acids, peptides and proteins. 125. Molecular-dynamics simulation of n-butyl chains chemically bonded to sihca-based reversed-phase high-performance liquid-chromatography sorbents, 7. Chromatogr. A, 660, 75, 1994. 

Hearn, M.T., M.I. AgnUar, T. Nguyen, and M. Fridman, High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides and proteins. LXXXTV. Application of derivative spectroscopy to the study of column residency effects in the reversed-phase and size-exclusion liquid chromatographic separation of proteins. J Chromatogr, 1988. 435(2) 271-84. 

A. Niederwieser, in Methods in Enzymology, Vol. XXV, C. Hirs and S. Timasheff, Editors (1972), Academic Press (New York), pp. 60-99. Thin-layer chromatography of amino acids. 

Gas chromatography is used to analyze volatile derivatives of amino acids. Phenylthiohydantoins (products of Edman degradation) may be analyzed directly by GC but are better resolved if converted to their trimethylsilyl derivatives with N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl) acetamide. Free amino acids are generally converted to their 7V-trifluoroacetyl- -butyl esters or trimethylsilyl derivatives before GC analysis. For best results, all gas chromatography of amino acid derivatives should be done with a glass column and injection port, as contact with metals causes extensive decomposition of the derivatives. 

E. Heimer,/. Chem. Educ. 49, 547 (1972). Paper chromatography of amino acids. 

P Grossman andj Colburn, Editors, Capillary Electrophoresis Theory and Practice (1992), Academic Press (San Diego). An up-to-date and complete review of CE E Heimer,/. Chem. Educ. 49, 547 (1972) Paper chromatography of amino acids F Lai and T Sheehan, BioTechniques 14, 642-649 (1993) A comparison of reagents for amino acid derivatization... 

AI Ihekoronye. Quantitative gas-liquid chromatography of amino acids in enzymic hydrolysates of food proteins. J Sci Food Agric 36 1004-1012, 1985. 

CW Gehrke, LL Wall, JS Absheer, FE Kaiser, RW Zumwalt. Sample preparation for chromatography of amino acids acid hydrolysis of proteins. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 68(5) 811-821, 1985. 

PB Hamilton. Ion exchange chromatography of amino acids—microdetermination of free amino acids in serum. Ann NY Acad Sci 102 55 -75, 1962. 

K Stulik, V Pacakova, H Wang. High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids and dipeptides on new ion exchangers of the HEMA series. J Chromatogr 552 439-448, 1991. 

T Hayashi, H Tsuchiya, H Naruse. Reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography of amino acids. Application to the determination of amino acids in plasma samples and dried blood on filter papers. J Chromatogr Biomed Appl 274 318-324, 1983. 

K Ou, MR Wilkins, JX Yan, AA Gooley, Y Fung, D Sheumack, KL Williams. Improved high-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids derivatised with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate. J Chromatogr A 723 219-225, 1996. 

DH Spackman, WH Stein, S Moore. Automatic recording apparatus for use in the chromatography of amino acids. Anal Chem 30 1190-1206, 1958. 

SR Hagen, B Frost, J Augustin. Precolumn phenylisothiocyanate derivatization and liquid chromatography of amino acids in food. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 72 912-916, 1989. 

Thin-layer chromatography of amino acid-phenylthiohydantoin derivatives on silica gel plates, (a) Separation is done in a 98 2 mixture of chloroform and ethanol. (b) This is followed by further separation using an 88 2 10 mixture of chloroform, ethanol, and methanol. More sophisticated procedures, using column chromatography, give superior resolution and improved sensitivity. Automated sequencers always use such procedures. A general description of the use of columns is given in chapter 6. 

Thin-layer chromatography of amino acids was carried out on layers of Kieselgel H (Anderman and Co., Ltd., London, S.E. 1), which were developed first in butan-l-ol acetic acid-water and dried in air overnight. 

Desideri, P.G., Lepri, L., Merlini, L., and Checchini, L., High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids and peptides on silica coated with ammonium tungstophosphate, J. Chromatogr., 370, 75, 1986. 

Paper chromatography of amino acids, pp. 181-200 in Colloid Chemistry Theoretical and Applied, Vol. 8, J. Alexander, ed.,736 pp.,Reinhold, New York, 1950. With H. A. Sober. 

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