Chromatography/flame ionization detection

Niki and Kuwatsuka reported a method involving trifluoroacetylation of the amino derivatives of chlornitrofen, nitrofen and chlomethoxyfen. A 1-mL volume of 10 M NaOH solution was added to 50 g of soil and the mixture was extracted with 100 mL of benzene. After separation and drying over anhydrous Na2S04, the benzene solution was trifluoroacetylated by adding successively 1 mL of 0.1% trifluoroacetic anhydride in benzene and 1 mL of 0.1% triethylamine in benzene. The mixture was shaken for 30 s and diluted to 10 mL with benzene. To remove the excess of trifluoroacetic anhydride, about 2 mL of water were added to the mixture and shaken for 30 s. The benzene layer was dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and injected for gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). 

Acrylonitrile in both biological and environmental samples is most commonly determined by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) (Page 1985), gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) (EPA 1982a), or gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) (Anderson and Harland 1980). Infrared spectroscopy (Jacobs and Syrjala... 

M. Mecozzi and Zs. Papai, Application of curve fitting thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection analysis of the carbohydrate fraction in marine mucilage and marine snow samples from Italian seas. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 42 (2004) 268-274. 

Cao, X.-L., and C. N. Hewitt, Build-up of Artifacts on Adsorbents during Storage and Its Effect on Passive Sampling and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection of Low Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air, . /. Chromatogr. A, 688, 368-374 (1994). 

Abbreviations GC/FID, gas chromatography/flame ionization detection GC/MS, gas chromato-graphy/mass spectrometry GC/PID, gas chromatography/photoionization detection Includes groundwater, sludges, caustic and acid liquors, waste solvents, oily wastes, mousses, tars, fibrous wastes, polymeric emulsions, filter cakes, spent carbons, spent catalysts, soils, and sediments... 

Abbreviations (iC/l ID, gas chromatography/flame ionization detection GC/MS, gas chromatogra-phy/mass spectrometry GC/NPD, gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detection... 

Abbreviations GC/EC, gas chromatography/electron capture detection GC/ECD, gas cliromato-graphy/electrolytic conductivity detection GCZFID, gas chromatography/flame ionization detection GC7MS, gas cliromatography/mass spectrometry... 

Ratnayake, W.M.N. and Ackman,R.G. 1985. Rapid analysis of Canola gum lipid composition by Iatroscan thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 18 284-289. 

Shantha, N.C. 1992. Thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection Iatroscan system. J. Chromatogr. 624 21-35. 

Phenols Gas chromatography/flame ionization detection Blaschke (1979)... 

Tsai reviewed the separation methods used in the determination of choline and acetylcholine [10]. This review surveyed the array of analytical techniques that have been adopted for the measurement of acetylcholine or its main precursor/metabolite (choline), ranging from simple (bioassay, radio enzymatic assay, gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high... 

Ballschmiter K, Schafer W, Swerev M (1987), Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 327 725.. .Quantitation of polychlorodibenzofuran standards by gas chromatography - flame ionization detection"... 

Fig. 1 Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection chromatogram of a complex mixture of PAHs extracted by SFE from a contaminated soil. (1) naphthalene (2) 2-methylnaphthalene (3) 1-methylnaphthalene (4) acenaphthene (5) fluorene (6) dibenzothiophene (7) phenanthrene (8) anthracene (9) fluoranthene (10) pyrene (11) benzo(a)anthracene (12) chrysene (13) benzo(e)pyrene (14) benzo(a)pyrene (15) indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene (16) dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (17) benzo(g,h,i)perylene. (From Ref. [12].)...

Fig. 2 Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection chromatograms containing early artifact peaks from different solvent extraction methods Soxhlet, ASE (pie), SEE, and subcritical water extraction of a soil sample collected from a manufacturing gas plant site. The numbers refer to PAHs identified in the legend of Fig. 1. (From Ref. [12].)...

Non-chlorlnated hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame Ionization detection (GC-FID) with a Hewlett-Packard Model 5890 GC fitted with a 30 m, 0.25 mm I.d. DB-5 column (J W Scientific). As for the ECD analyses, helium and nitrogen were the car-The column oven was programmed from 65 C 10 C/min and then heated to... 

SFC-FID Supercritical fluid chromatography flame ionization detection... 

Mueller, W., Schubert, J., Benzing, A., and Geiger, K., Method for analysis of exhaled air by microwave energy desorption coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B, 716, 27-38, 1998. 

Dron, J., Garcia, R., and Millan, E., Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction by means of an experimental design for the determination of methyl tert-butyl ether in water by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 963, 259-264, 2002. 

Chien, Y. C., Uang, S. N., Kuo, C. T., Shih, T. S., and Jen, J. F., Analytical method for monitoring airborne trimethylamine using solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Anal. Chim. Acta, 419, 73-79, 2000. 

Thin-Layer Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection... 

Thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID) is an analytical technique that combines the separation characteristics of thin-layer chromatography with a rapid and sensitive method of quantitation, flame ionization detection. TLC-FID is particularly useful for the rapid separation and quantitation of total hpid classes. 

FIGURE 9.6 Thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID) chromatograms of lipid extracts from the deep-sea flsh, orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus) (a) ovary, (b) muscle, and (c) liver. In this example, lipid classes were separated by a single development in a solvent system (mobile phase) of hexane diethyl etheriacetic acid (60 17 0.2, v/v/v) with the rod (stationary phase) fully scanned. See Section 9.4.2. 

A quantitative TLC technique has also been used to determine the functionality of polymers. This technique, thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection (TLC-FID), is a specialized technique that requires more advanced equipment than standard TLC. In order to perform TLC-FID analysis of a polymer mixture, specially designed thin quartz rods coated with Si02 are used. Chromatographic separation of the mixture is performed on the rod analogous to traditional TLC. After separation, the rod is scanned with sufficient heat to ionize each component of the separated spots. The ionized spots are then quantitatively detected by a flame ionization detector. It is reported that this method has an error limit of about 2%. ... 

Thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection for lipid analysis... 

Table 1.4 Recent analyses of fossil fuels and related products by thin-layer chromatography/ flame ionization detection...

Figure 1.4 Thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection chromatogram showing the separation of biogenic lipids from hydrocarbons in an extract of a petroleum-contaminated soil. Solvent systems hexane (40 min), toluene (15 min) and dichloromethane/methanol (95 5 vol./ vol.) (5 min), followed by a single full scan.

Fraser, A. J. and Taggart, C. T. (1988) Thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection calibration with natural and synthetic standards. Journal of Chromatography, 439, 404-7. 

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