Gas chromatography - flame ionization detection

Niki and Kuwatsuka reported a method involving trifluoroacetylation of the amino derivatives of chlornitrofen, nitrofen and chlomethoxyfen. A 1-mL volume of 10 M NaOH solution was added to 50 g of soil and the mixture was extracted with 100 mL of benzene. After separation and drying over anhydrous Na2S04, the benzene solution was trifluoroacetylated by adding successively 1 mL of 0.1% trifluoroacetic anhydride in benzene and 1 mL of 0.1% triethylamine in benzene. The mixture was shaken for 30 s and diluted to 10 mL with benzene. To remove the excess of trifluoroacetic anhydride, about 2 mL of water were added to the mixture and shaken for 30 s. The benzene layer was dried over anhydrous Na2S04 and injected for gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). 

Acrylonitrile in both biological and environmental samples is most commonly determined by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) (Page 1985), gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) (EPA 1982a), or gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) (Anderson and Harland 1980). Infrared spectroscopy (Jacobs and Syrjala... 

Cao, X.-L., and C. N. Hewitt, Build-up of Artifacts on Adsorbents during Storage and Its Effect on Passive Sampling and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection of Low Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air, . /. Chromatogr. A, 688, 368-374 (1994). 

Abbreviations GC/FID, gas chromatography/flame ionization detection GC/MS, gas chromato-graphy/mass spectrometry GC/PID, gas chromatography/photoionization detection Includes groundwater, sludges, caustic and acid liquors, waste solvents, oily wastes, mousses, tars, fibrous wastes, polymeric emulsions, filter cakes, spent carbons, spent catalysts, soils, and sediments... 

Abbreviations (iC/l ID, gas chromatography/flame ionization detection GC/MS, gas chromatogra-phy/mass spectrometry GC/NPD, gas chromatography/nitrogen-phosphorus detection... 

Abbreviations GC/EC, gas chromatography/electron capture detection GC/ECD, gas cliromato-graphy/electrolytic conductivity detection GCZFID, gas chromatography/flame ionization detection GC7MS, gas cliromatography/mass spectrometry... 

Phenols Gas chromatography/flame ionization detection Blaschke (1979)... 

Tsai reviewed the separation methods used in the determination of choline and acetylcholine [10]. This review surveyed the array of analytical techniques that have been adopted for the measurement of acetylcholine or its main precursor/metabolite (choline), ranging from simple (bioassay, radio enzymatic assay, gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high... 

Ballschmiter K, Schafer W, Swerev M (1987), Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 327 725.. .Quantitation of polychlorodibenzofuran standards by gas chromatography - flame ionization detection"... 

Fig. 1 Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection chromatogram of a complex mixture of PAHs extracted by SFE from a contaminated soil. (1) naphthalene (2) 2-methylnaphthalene (3) 1-methylnaphthalene (4) acenaphthene (5) fluorene (6) dibenzothiophene (7) phenanthrene (8) anthracene (9) fluoranthene (10) pyrene (11) benzo(a)anthracene (12) chrysene (13) benzo(e)pyrene (14) benzo(a)pyrene (15) indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene (16) dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (17) benzo(g,h,i)perylene. (From Ref. [12].)...

Fig. 2 Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection chromatograms containing early artifact peaks from different solvent extraction methods Soxhlet, ASE (pie), SEE, and subcritical water extraction of a soil sample collected from a manufacturing gas plant site. The numbers refer to PAHs identified in the legend of Fig. 1. (From Ref. [12].)...

Non-chlorlnated hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame Ionization detection (GC-FID) with a Hewlett-Packard Model 5890 GC fitted with a 30 m, 0.25 mm I.d. DB-5 column (J W Scientific). As for the ECD analyses, helium and nitrogen were the car-The column oven was programmed from 65 C 10 C/min and then heated to... 

Mueller, W., Schubert, J., Benzing, A., and Geiger, K., Method for analysis of exhaled air by microwave energy desorption coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B, 716, 27-38, 1998. 

Dron, J., Garcia, R., and Millan, E., Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction by means of an experimental design for the determination of methyl tert-butyl ether in water by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 963, 259-264, 2002. 

Chien, Y. C., Uang, S. N., Kuo, C. T., Shih, T. S., and Jen, J. F., Analytical method for monitoring airborne trimethylamine using solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Anal. Chim. Acta, 419, 73-79, 2000. 

Lo, D.S.T Chao, T.C. Ng-Ong, S.E. Yao, Y.J. Koh, T.H. Acidic and neutral drugs screen in blood with quantitation using microbore high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Forensic Sci. Int. 1997, 90 (3), 205-214. 

During the last few decades, an increasing number of different breath analysis techniques have been developed for the analysis of VOCs. These techniques include gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/ FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (with quadrupole mass spectrometry, ion trap mass spectrometry, time-of-flight (TOF) tube mass spectrometry, and ion mobility spectrometry), soft ionization flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), chemiluminescence, electronic nose, and a large variety of optical absorption detection techniques. The multitude of methods and techniques used in breath analysis reflects not only its strength, but also its weakness. On one hand, there is a choice of sensitive techniques suitable to measure almost any compound on the other hand, it makes it very hard to compare all the various results. 

Bahramifar, N. Yamini, Y. Shariati-Feizabadi, S. and Shamsipur, M. Trace analysis of methyl ferf-butyl ether in water samples using headspace solvent microextraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Journal of Chromatography A 2004,1042 (1-2), 211-217. 

Hashemi, M., A. Habibi, and N. Jahanshahi. 2010. Determination of cyclamate in artificial sweeteners and beverages using headspace single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography flame-ionization detection. Food Chem. 124 1258-1263. 

Analysis of free fatty acids can be carried out by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID), this technique being an alternative method of analysis (Hajimahmoodi et... 

---