3- chloro-1,2-propylene oxide

Chemical Designations - Synonyms l,Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane Chloromethyloxirane gamma-Chloropropylene oxide 3-Chloro-1,2-propylene oxide Chemical Formula O-CHj CH CHjCl. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Pungent, garlic sweet, pungent like chloroform. 

Synonym Gamma-Chloropropylene Oxide 3-Chloro-1,2-Propylene Oxide Chlorosulfonic Acid Chlorothene Chiorotoluene, Alpha Alpha-Chlorotoluene Omega-Chlorotoluene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Chlorotrimethylsilane Chlorsulfonic Acid Clilorylen Clip Chromic Acid Chromic Anhydride Chromic Oxide Chromium (VI) Dioxychloride Chromium Oxychloride Chromium Trioxide Chromyl Chloride Cianurina Citric Acid Citric Acid, Diammonium Salt Clarified Oil Clorox Cc Ral Coal Tar Oil Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Tetrahydrate Cobalt (II) Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt (II) Chloride Cobaltous Acetate Cobaltous Chloride Cobaltous Chloride Dihydrate Cobaltous Chloride Hexahydrate Cobaltous Nitrate Cobaltous Nitrate Hexahydrate Cobaltous Sulfate Heptahydrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt (II) Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Compound Name Epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin Chlorosulfonic Acid Trichloroethane Benzyl Chloride Benzyl Chloride Benzyl Chloride Trifluorochloroethylene Trimethylchlorosilane Chlorosulfonic Acid Trichloroethylene Cumene Hydroperoxide Chromic Anhydride Chromic Anhydride Chromic Anhydride Chromyl Chloride Chromyl Chloride Chromic Anhydride Chromyl Chloride Mercuric Cyanide Citric Acid Ammonium Citrate Oil Clarified Sodium Hypochlorite Coumaphos Oil Coal Tar Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Acetate Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Chloride Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate... 

SYNS 1-CHLOOR-2.3-EPOXY-PROPAAN (DUTCH) 1-CHLOR-2,3 -EPOXY-PROPAN (GERiMAN) 1-CHLORO-2,3-EPOXYPROPANE 3-CHLORO-l,2-EPOXYPRO-PANE epi-CHLOROHYTDRIN (CHLOROMETHYL)-ETHYLENE OXIDE CHLOROMETHYLOXIRANE 2-(CHLOROMETHYL)OXIRANE CHLOROPROPYLENE OXIDE t-CHLOROPROPYLENE OXIDE 3-CHLORO-1,2-PROPYLENE OXIDE l-CLORO-2,3-EPOSSIPROPANO (ITALIAN) ECH EPICHLOOR-HYDRINE. DUTCH) EPICHLORHYDRIN (GERMAN)... 

Alternative Names/Abbreviations Chloromethyloxirane, 3-chloro-1,2 propylene oxide... 

Chloropropylene oxide 3-Chloro-1,2-propylene oxide y-Chloropropylene oxide. See Epichlorohydrin Chlorosulfona. See Bis (trichloromethyl) sulfone Chlorosulfonated ethylene polymer Chlorosulfonated polyethylene. See... 

Synonyms 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane 3-Chloro-1,2-epoxypropane (Chloromethyl) ethylene oxide Chloromethyloxirane 2-(Chloromethyl) oxirane Chloropropylene oxide 3-Chloro-1,2-propylene oxide j-Chloropropylene oxide ECU a-Epichlorohydrin 1,2-Epoxy-3-chloropropane 2,3-Epoxypropyl chloride Glycerol epichlorhydrin Classification Chlorinated epoxide Empirical C3H5CIO... 

Chloropropylene oxide 3-Chloro-1,2-propylene oxide y-Chloropropylene oxide. See Epichlorohydrin... 

Zhao et al. have synthesized novel ionic liquids 307 and 308, which contain (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-functionalized pyridinium cations, by the ultrasound-assisted reaction of pyridine with acid (HCl and HBF4) and 3-chloro-propylene oxide at room temperature, in excellent yields and purity, in whieh the acid provided the eorresponding anionic component of the ionic Uquids. Furthermore, they examined the appheation of new ionic liquids as solvents in the MBH reaction and found that IL-BF4 308 showed a better effect in rate enhanee-ment and an improved yield than IL-Cl 307 in some cases (Scheme 1.121). ... 

The manufacture and uses of oxiranes are reviewed in (B-80MI50500, B-80MI50501). The industrially most important oxiranes are oxirane itself (ethylene oxide), which is made by catalyzed air-oxidation of ethylene (cf. Section 5.05.4.2.2(f)), and methyloxirane (propylene oxide), which is made by /3-elimination of hydrogen chloride from propene-derived 1-chloro-2-propanol (cf. Section 5.05.4.2.1) and by epoxidation of propene with 1-phenylethyl hydroperoxide cf. Section 5.05.4.2.2(f)) (79MI50501). 

Additives used include plasticisers such as diphenyl diethyl ether, ultraviolet light absorbers such as 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone (1-2% on the polymer) and stabilisers such as phenoxy propylene oxide. 

In a synthesis of 2,3-di(hetero)arylpyrido[3,2 [l,4]thiazepines developed by Couture, 2-chloro-3-formylpyridine is reacted with arylmethylamines to form the imines. Deprotonation with LDA at -78 °C followed by treatment with non enolisable aryl thioesters gives the title compounds which may be further annulated by irradiation in benzene in the presence of iodine and propylene oxide <96S986> (Scheme 14). 

Jacobsen (1999) has carried out carbomethoxylation of asymmetric epoxides. Thus, the carbomethoxylation of (R)-propylene oxide with CO and methanol yields 92% of (3R)-hydroxybutanoic acid in greater than 99% ee. Similarly, the reaction of (/ )-epichlorohydrin gives 96% of 4-chloro-(3R)-hydroxybutanoic acid in greater than 99% ee. The catalyst consists of dicobalt octacarbonyl and 3-hydroxy pyridine. A continuous process for making enantiomeric 1-chloro-2-propanol has been suggested. With a suitable catalyst propylene reacts with O2, water, cupric and lithium chloride to give 78% of (S)-l-chloro-2-propanol in 94% ee. 

Carra S., Morbidelli, M., Santacesaria, E. and Buzzi, G., 1979, Synthesis of propylene oxide from propylene chloro-hydrins — II. Chem. Engng Sci. 34, 1133-1140. 

Hydrolyzes in water forming l-chloro-2,3-hydroxypropane which may hydrolyze forming HCl and the intermediate l-hydroxy-2,3-propylene oxide or l-chloro-2,3-hydroxypropane. The oxide may continue to hydrolyze forming glycerol (Kollig, 1993). The estimated half-life for this reaction at 20 °C and pH 7 is 8.2 d (Mabey and Mill, 1978). 

Chloropropylene oxide, see Epichlorohydrin Y Chloropropylene oxide, see Epichlorohydrin 3-Chloro-l,2-propylene oxide, see Epichlorohydrin Chlorothane NU, see 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Chlorothene, see 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Chlorothene NU, see 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Chlorothene VG, see 1,1,1-Trichloroethane a-Chlorotolnene, see Benzyl chloride Q-Chlorotolnene, see Benzyl chloride... 

Chlorine (from the Greek chloros for yellow-green ) is the most abundant halogen (0.19 w% of the earth s crust) and plays a key role in chemical processes. The chlor-alkali industry has been in operation since the 1890s and improvements in the technology are still important and noticeable, for example, the transition from the mercury-based technology to membrane cells [60]. Most chlorine produced today is used for the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride, chloroprene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, propylene oxide, in the pulp and paper industry, in water treatment, and in disinfection processes [61]. A summary of typical redox states of chlorine, standard potentials for acidic aqueous media, and applications is given in Scheme 2. 

EPICHLOROHYDRIN l-Chloro-2,3-Epoxypropane, 3-ChIoro-l,2-Propylene Oxide Poison, Class B 3 3 2... 

The indirect electrochemical generation of propylene oxide via propylene chloro- or bromohydrin using anodically generated hypochlorite or hypobromite has been studied very intensively. The reason is the lack of a technically useful process for the synthesis of propylene oxide by way of heterogeneous catalysis. The propylene halohydrins are saponified using the cathodically generated sodium hydroxide (Eqs. (42)-(47)) (Table 4. No. 12-15)... 

Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl)ether has been produced as a solvent and soil fumigant and is also formed in large quantities as a by-product in some propylene oxide/propylene glycol production processes. Low levels have been found in water. Thus, both occupational and environmental exposures may occur (lARC, 1986). 

In rats receiving a single oral dose of bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl)ether of 0.0002-300 mg/kg bw, peak blood levels of radioactivity were reached at about 2-4 h. Following administration of a dose of 30 mg/kg bw, elimination was biphasic in rhesus monkeys, with half-lives of 5 h and two days, and monophasic in rats, with a half-life of two days. In rats, total recovery of radioactivity was 75% of an oral dose of the l- C-labelled compound and 90% after an intraperitoneal dose with the 2-i<-labelled compound approximately 20% of the oral dose was exhaled as CO2 in 48 h. Also in rats, urinary excretion of radioactivity accounted for 48% of a 90 mg/kg bw oral dose of the 1- relabelled compound within 48 h and for 60% of a 30 mg/kg bw intraperitoneal dose of the 2- rC-labelled compound within 24 h. Urinary metabolites identified after administration of an oral dose of 90 mg/kg bw of the I - ( -kibcllcd compound to rats were 2-(2-chloro-1-methylethoxy)propanoic acid (17% of the dose) and N-acetyl-5 -(2-hydroxypropyl)-cysteine (approximately 9% of the dose) following an intraperitoneal dose of the 2- 4C-labelled compound, metabolites identified were l-chloropropan-2-ol, propylene oxide and 2-(2-chloro-l-methylethoxy)propanoic acid (lARC, 1986). 

In an older version of the synthesis, propylene and chlorine react in an aqueous solution to form propylene chlorohydrin.192-194 The slightly exothermic reaction maintains the 30-40°C reaction temperature to yield isomeric propylene chlorohy-drins (l-chloro-2-propanol/2-chloro-1-propanol = 9 1). The main byproduct is 1,2-dichloropropane formed in amounts up to 10%. The product propylene chlorohydrin then undergoes saponification to propylene oxide with calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. 

B). Saturate dry tetrahydrofuran (137 ml) at 0°C with dry hydrogen chloride gas. Add 16a-methyl-l,4,6-pregnatriene-17a,21-diol-3,ll,20-trione 17,21-dipropionate (6.85 g) and stir the reaction mixture at 0°C for 1 hour. Pour into ice water (1 liter) and stir for Vi hour. Separate the resultant precipitate by filtration, wash with water, and air dry to give 7v-chloro-16a-methyl-l,4-pregnadiene-17a,21-diol-3,ll,20-trione 17,21-dipropionate. Purify from methanokacetone containing a trace of propylene oxide [a]D25 +76.2°... 

Propylene Oxide. Propylene oxide is another basic chemical used in manufacturing intermediates for urethane foams (cushioning and insulation), coatings, brake fluids, hydraulic fluids, quenchants, and many other end uses.23 The classic industrial synthesis of this chemical has been the reaction of chlorine with propylene to produce the chloro-hydrin followed by dehydrochlorination with caustic to produce the alkylene oxide, propylene oxide, plus salt. 

Propylene oxide, not to exceed Not more than 1 mg/kg of 25% residual propylene chloro-... 

CHLOROPROPYLENE GYLCOL see CDT750 CHLOROPROPYLENE OXIDE see EAZ500 3-CHLORO-l,2-PROPYLENE OXIDE see EAZ500 y-CHLOROPROPYLENE OXIDE see EAZ500... 

Because of the commercial importance of fosfomycin, it is not surprising that several important and attractive synthetic methods are reported in patents. They include, for example, precursors such as dimethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate, dimethyl, dibenzyl, and diallyl formylphosphonate, trimethyl phosphite and 2-cyano-1-hydroxypropene, 9 trialkyl phosphite and 2-chloro-propionaldehyde or 2-acetoxypropionaldehydc, diethyl chloromethylphosphonate, dibenzyl phosphite, and 1-chloro-1,2-propylene oxide,2 propynylphosphonic acid, propenylphos-phonic acid,2 2-chloro-(czT-l,2-epoxypropyl)phosphonic acid, and extrusion reactions on thermolysis. The resolution of racemic acids has also been reported. In search of new effective antibiotics, a large variety of substituted epoxyethylphosphonic acids have been pre-pared.249... 

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