Chlorine trifluoride, reaction

Chlorine monofluoride oxide, 18 328-330 force field of, 18 329, 330 infrared spectrum of, 18 328, 329 stretching force constants for, 18 330 synthesis of, 18 328 Chlorine nitrate fluorination of, 18 332 preparation of, 5 54 Chlorine oxides, 46 109-110, 158 fluorination of, 18 348 Chlorine oxyfluorides, 18 319-389, see also specific compounds adduct formation, 18 327, 328 amphoteric nature of, 18 327, 328 bond lengths, 18 326 bond strengths, 18 323-327 geometry of, 18 320-323 ligand distribution, 18 323 reactivity of, 18 327, 328 stretching force constants, 18 324-327 Chlorine pentafluoride oxide, 18 345, 346 Chlorine trifluoride, reaction with difluoramine, 33 157... 

Chlorine Trifluoride. Reaction with acetic acid is very violent and sometimes explosive.7... 

Chlorine trifluoride is produced by a continuous gas-phase reaction of fluorine with chlorine. The manufacturing of chlorine trifluoride is somewhat complicated due to the formation of chlorine monofluoride. To eliminate the formation of chlorine monofluoride in chlorine trifluoride, reaction temperature is kept at 290°C and the ratio of fluorine to chlorine is maintained slightly more than 3 1 to promote a conversion of C1F to C1F3. Excess Cl2 will produce C1F while excess F2 will convert C1F to CIF3, as shown below ... 

Violent exothermic reaction can occur when concentrated sulfuric acid is mixed with acrylonitrile, picrates, bromine penta-fiuoride (Mellor 1956), and chlorine trifluoride. Reactions with caustic alkalies, amines, alcohols, aldehydes, epoxides, vinyl and ally compounds, cellulose, and sugar are vigorously exothermic. 

The halogen fluorides are binary compounds of bromine, chlorine, and iodine with fluorine. Of the eight known compounds, only bromine trifluoride, chlorine trifluoride, and iodine pentafluoride have been of commercial importance. Properties and appHcations have been reviewed (1 7) as have the reactions with organic compounds (8). Reviews covering the methods of preparation, properties, and analytical chemistry of the halogen fluorides are also available (9). 

The halogen fluorides are best prepared by the reaction of fluorine with the corresponding halogen. These compounds are powerful oxidising agents chlorine trifluoride approaches the reactivity of fluorine. In descending order of reactivity the halogen fluorides are chlorine pentafluoride [13637-63-3] 1 5 chlorine trifluoride [7790-91-2] 3 bromine pentafluoride [7789-30-2], BrF iodine heptafluoride [16921 -96-3], chlorine... 

The use of CIF and BrF as ionizing solvents has been studied (102,103). At 100°C and elevated pressures, significant yields of KCIF [19195-69-8] CsClF [15321-04-7], RbClF [15321-10-5], I-CBrF [32312-224], RbBrF [32312-224], and CsBrF [26222-924]obtained. Chlorine trifluoride showed no reaction with lithium fluoride or sodium fluoride. 

Chlorine Trifluoride. Chlorine trifluoride is produced commercially by the continuous gas-phase reaction of fluorine and chlorine ia a nickel reactor at ca 290°C. The ratio of fluorine to chlorine is maintained slightly in excess of 3 1 to promote conversion of the chlorine monofluoride to chlorine trifluoride. Sufficient time ia the reactor must be provided to maintain high conversions to chlorine trifluoride. Temperature control is also critical because the equiHbrium shift of chlorine trifluoride to chlorine monofluoride and fluorine is significant at elevated temperatures. 

K [14881-07-3], Rb [72151 -96-3], and Cs [72138-72-8]), are prepared by reaction of elemental fluorine, chlorine trifluoride, or xenon difluoride and a mixture of nickel fluoride and alkaH metal fluorides or other metal haHdes (16,17). If the fluorination is carried out using mixed fluorides, a lower temperature can be used, yields are quantitative, and the final products are of high purity. Bis(tetrafluoroammonium) hexafluoronickelate [6310540-8], (NE 2N iF6> prepared from Cs2NiF3 and NE SbE by a metathesis in anhydrous HE, is also known (18). 

Treatment of coal with chlorine or bromine results in addition and substitution reactions. At temperatures up to 600°C chlorinolysis produces carbon tetrachloride, phosgene, and thionyl chloride (73). Treatment with fluorine or chlorine trifluoride at atmospheric pressure and 300°C can produce large yields of Hquid products. 

This last reaction is typical of many in which F3CIO can act as a Lewis base by fluoride ion donation to acceptors such as MF5 (M = P, As, Sb, Bi, V, Nb, Ta, Pt, U), M0F4O, Sip4, BF3, etc. These products are all white, stable, crystalline solids (except the canary yellow PtFe ) and contain the [F2CIO] cation (see Fig. 17.26h) which is isostructural with the isoelectronic F2SO. Chlorine trifluoride oxide can also act as a Lewis acid (fluoride ion acceptor) and is therefore to be considered as amphoteric (p. 225). For example KF, RbF and CsF yield M [F4C10] as white solids whose stabilities increase with increasing size of M+. Vibration spectroscopy establishes the C4 structure of the anion (Fig. 17.29g). 

Chlorine trifluoride is used to recover uranium from nuclear fuel rods in a high-temperature reaction that produces gaseous uranium hexafluoride 2 ClF3(g)+U( ) UF(5(g)-I-Cl2(g) Determine the Lewis... 

Chlorine trifluoride will dissolve in carbon tetrachloride at low temperatures without reaction. Such solutions are dangerous, being capable of detonation. If it is used as a solvent for fluorination with the trifluoride, it is therefore important to prevent build-up of high concentrations of the latter. 

Formation of the adduct chlorine trifluoride-ruthenium pentafluoride by reaction... 

Interaction is violent and may be explosive, even with ice, oxygen being evolved [1]. Part of the water dropped into a flask of the gas was expelled by the violent reaction ensuing [2], An analytical procedure, involving absorption of chlorine trifluoride into 10% sodium hydroxide solution from the open capillary neck of a quartz ampoule to avoid explosion, was described [3], Inadvertent collection of chlorine trifluoride and ice in a cryogenic trap led to a small but violent explosion when the trap began to warm up overnight [4],... 

Safety precautions applicable to direct liquid phase fluorination of aromatic compounds are discussed [1]. Attention is drawn to the hazards attached to the use of many newer fluorinating agents [2], In a study of fluorination reactions of hafnium and zirconium oxides by the fluoroxidisers xenon difluoride, chlorine trifluoride and bromine trifluoride, reactivity decreased in the order given [3],... 

Reaction with iodine forms iodine monochloride, ICl which combines with excess SbCls to form adducts, SbCR 2IC1 and SbCls 31 Cl similarly reaction with chlorine trifluoride, CIF3 gives antimony dichlorotrifluoride, SbCbFs. 

Fluorine also reacts with other halogens, forming interhalogen compounds. While with bromine and iodine it reacts vigorously at ordinary temperatures, with chlorine the reaction occurs at 200°C. Such interhalogen products with these halogens include iodine heptafluoride, bromine trifluoride, bromine pentafluoride, and chlorine trifluoride. Metalloid elements, such as arsenic, silicon, selenium, and boron also inflame in a stream of fluorine, forming fluorides. 

Chlorine trifluoride oxide, 18 331-340 chemical properties of, 18 337-340 internal force constants, 18 335 molecular structure of, 18 334-336 physical properties of, 18 336, 337 reactions of, 18 338, 339 stretching force constants, 18 336 synthesis of, 18 331-334 thermodynamic data for, 18 386, 387 vibrational spectra of, 18 334 Chlorine trioxide hydroxide, structure of, 5 219... 

Chlorine Trifluoride, ClF3, mw 92.46 nearly colorless orpalegrn gas fr p —83°, bp +11.3°. Extremely reactive, comparable to fluorine reactions with org compds and with w take place with expl violence. Can be prepd in 99% purity by reaction of chlorine and fluorine at 280° and condensation of the product at —80°. Used as oxidizer in pioplnts, in incendiaries and for cutting oil well tubes Refs 1) Gmelin-Kraut,-not found 2) Lange (1961), 240 3) CondChemDict (1961),... 

Chlorine trifluoride is one of the most powerful fluorinating agents particularly useful for the oxidation of perfluoroalkyl iodides to the corresponding perfluoroalkyliodine(III) difluorides and perfluoroalkyliodine(V) tetrafluorides.113,17 The reactions are conducted at — 78 to 20 °C in perfluorohexane or without solvent. Depending on the stoichiometric amount of chlorine trifluoride, the products are RfIF2 or RfIF4. 

The preparation of selenium tetrafluoride in normal glass apparatus has been reported by the reaction of selenium metal with chlorine trifluoride and selenium tetrafluoride as the solvent.81 Caution chlorine trifluoride (C1F3) is extremely reactive and must be handled with care, avoiding organic compounds and moisture. 

Tungsten(VI) fluoride (WF6) and molybdenum(VI) fluoride (MoF6) are available commercially, and can be made by reaction of the metals with fluorine.4 In the case of uranium(VI) fluoride (UF6), a preparation that is claimed5 to be feasible in the laboratory uses uranium metal and chlorine trifluoride uranium(VI) fluoride is prepared6 commercially by the fluorination of uranium(IV) fluoride, itself prepared from an oxide and hydrogen fluoride. 

Tellurium hexafluoride itself has been found to form complexes with potassium, rubidium and cesium fluorides. The cesium compound has a stochiometry approaching Cs2TeF8 and, in these types of complexes, the stability of the lattice appears to be inversely related to the polarizing power of the cation and the compounds are only stable in the solid state.41 Several heptafluorotellurates(VI) have been prepared from the reaction of tellurium with chlorine trifluoride in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid followed by addition of the metal fluoride.42... 

Chlorexolone as diuretic, 1, 174 Chlorides synthesis, 1, 448 Chlorin, 4, 370 metal chelates, 4, 391 Chlorin, dihydroxy-, 4, 393 Chlorin e6, 4, 404 trimethyl ester, 4, 398 synthesis, 4, 416 Chlorination pyridazines, 3, 20, 21 Chlorine trifluoride bonding, 1, 564 Chlorin-phlorin, 4, 398 Chlorins, 4, 378 absorption spectra, 4, 389 formation, 4, 394 molecular structure, 4, 385 oxidation, 4, 395 Chlorisondamine chloride as hypertensive agent, 1, 176 Chlormethiazoles metabolism, 1, 235 Chlormethiuron against ectoparasites veterinary use, 1, 217 Chlormezanone as antidepressant, 1, 169 Chlorocruoroheme, 4, 380 Chlorofucin conformation, 7, 703 Chloronium iodide, biphenylene-reactions, 1, 566... 

The UFg used in producing nuclear fuels is prepared by reaction of uranium metal with chlorine trifluoride. Tell which atoms have been oxidized and which reduced, and balance the equation. 

Chlorodifluoroamine has been prepared by reaction of difluoro-amine with boron trichloride,1 phosgene (carbonyl chloride),2 or hydrogen chloride 2 treating a mixture of sodium azide and sodium chloride with fluorine 3 reaction of chlorine trifluoride with ammonium fluoride 4 reaction of chlorine with diflu oro-amine in the presence of potassium fluoride 5 and photolysis of tetrafluorohydrazine and sulfinyl chloride (thionyl chloride).6... 

Formation of the adduct chlorine trifluoride—ruthenium pentafluoride by reaction with ruthenium metal at ambient temperature is extremely violent. 

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