Iodine pentafluoride

Fluorine reacts with the halogens and antimony to produce several compounds of commercial importance antimony pentafluoride [7783-70-2J, bromine trifluoride [7787-71 chlorine trifluoride [7790-91 -2J, and iodine pentafluoride [7783-66-6J. Chlorine trifluoride is used in the processing of UF (see Uraniumand uranium compounds). Bromine trifluoride is used in chemical cutting by the oil well industry (see Petroleum). Antimony and iodine pentafluorides are used as selective fluorinating agents to produce fluorochemical intermediates (see Fluorine compounds, inorganic). 

The halogen fluorides are binary compounds of bromine, chlorine, and iodine with fluorine. Of the eight known compounds, only bromine trifluoride, chlorine trifluoride, and iodine pentafluoride have been of commercial importance. Properties and appHcations have been reviewed (1 7) as have the reactions with organic compounds (8). Reviews covering the methods of preparation, properties, and analytical chemistry of the halogen fluorides are also available (9). 

Iodine Pentafluoride. Iodine pentafluoride is a straw-colored Hquid the ir and Raman spectra of the gas phase have been studied (19,46,47) vapor pressure data are given in References 14 and 48. 

Iodine pentafluoride fluotinates CCl at room temperature to give CCIF and traces of CCI2F2 (91). It reacts with CHI to yield CHF and CHIF2 (92) and with CI to form C2F2 (92) and CIF (93). With CBr at 90°C, IF forms 83% CBr2F2 and minor amounts of CBr F and CBrF. ... 

Liquid Halogen Fluorides as Reaction Media. Bromine trifluoride and iodine pentafluoride are highly dimerized and behave as ionizing... 

Iodine Pentafluoride. Iodine pentafluoride is produced by the reaction of iodine and fluorine. Because iodine has a high melting poiat, the reaction is either performed ia a solvent or the reaction is maintained at a temperature where the iodine is Hquid. In a continuous process usiug a solvent (104), ca 1% I2 is dissolved iu IF and passed to a reactor where it is contacted with F2 gas. The IF is continuously discharged from the reactor where a small portion is taken off as product and the larger portion of the stream is recycled. 

United States production of iodine pentafluoride is several hundred metric tons per year. The two U.S. producers are Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. and AUiedSignal, Inc. The 1992 price was ca 50/kg. 

Iodine pentafluoride is commercially available at a minimum purity of 98% (108). Iodine heptafluoride is the principal impurity and maintained at less than 2%. Free I2 and HF are minor impurities. Iodine pentafluoride is shipped as a Hquid in steel cylinders in various quantities up to 1350 kg cylinders. It is classified as an oxidizer and poison by DOT. 

The time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations for 8-h exposure to bromine ttifluoride, bromine pentafluoride, chlorine ttifluoride, chlorine pentafluoride, and iodine pentafluoride have been estabHshed by ACGIH on a fluoride basis to be 2.5 mg/m. NIOSH reports (121) the foUowing inhalation toxicity levels for chlorine ttifluoride LC q monkey, 230 ppm/h LC q mouse, 178 ppm/h for chlorine pentafluoride LC q monkey, 173 ppm /h mouse, 57 ppm/h. 

Iodine pentafluoride is an easily storable Hquid source of fluorine having Httie of the hazards associated with other fluorine sources. It is used as a selective fluorinating agent for organic compounds. For example, it adds iodine and fluorine to tetrafluoroethylene in a commercial process to produce a usefiil telomer (124). 

KrF+ AsF/, KrF+ SbF/, and KrF+ Sb2F, are moderately stable at room temperature. The KrF+ cation ranks as the most powerful chemical oxidizer known (120) and is capable of oxidizing gaseous xenon to XeF/, gaseous oxygen to O2, NF to NF, and chlorine, bromine, and iodine pentafluorides to... 

Trimethylarsine gives a 98% yield of trimethylarsine difluoride when treated with xenon difluoride [102] in fluorotrichloromelhane. and tnsfpentafluorophen-yl)arsine gives a 94% yield of tris(pentafluornphenyl)arsme difluoride after reaction with dilute fluorine in fluorotnchloromethane at 0 C [106] Other trivalent arsenic compounds have also been fluorinated with xenon difluoride [103] In addition, arsines have been oxidatively fluorinated by iodine pentafluoride [107] or electrochemically in 26-34% yield [108]... 

Xenon difluoride has been used to oxidize a number of antimony compounds [102, 109] in yields ranging from 73 to 98%. Elemental fluorine oxidized tris(pen-tafluorophenyl)stibine to tris(pentafluorophenyl)stibine difluoride in 98% yield [706]. Oxidative fluonnation of stibines has also been accomplished with iodine pentafluoride [707]. 

Trialkylbismuth compounds when treated with iodine pentafluoride give unstable trialkylbismuth difluorides or alkyl iodide tetrafluorides, depending on the... 

Additions of halogen fluorides to the more electrophilic perfluonnated olefins generally require different conditions Reactions of iodine fluoride, generated in situ from iodine and iodine pentafluoride [62 102 103, /05] or iodine, hydrogen fluoride, and parapeiiodic aud [104], with fluormated olefins (equations 8-10) are especially well studied because the perfluoroalkyl iodide products are useful precursors of surfactants and other fluorochemicals Somewhat higher temperatures are required compared with reactions with hydrocarbon olefins Additions of bromine fluoride, from bromine and bromine trifluonde, to perfluonnated olefins are also known [lOti]... 

Answer (a) hydrocyanic acid (b) boron trichloride (c) iodine pentafluoride ... 

C03-0017. Write correct molecular formulas for aluminum oxide, potassium dichromate, lead(II) nitrate, nitrogen dioxide, sodium sulfate, iodine pentafluoride, manganese(II) acetate, and sodium hypochlorite.. 

Chlorine fluoride Aluminium Iodine chloride Metals Iodine heptafluoride Metals Iodine pentafluoride Metals... 

Chlorine trifluoride Boron-containing materials Iodine pentafluoride Metals, etc. 

Iodine pentafluoride Metals Nitric acid Metals Nitrosyl fluoride Metals Perchloric acid Bismuth See other METALS... 

Accidental contamination of a tetrafluoroethylene gas supply system with iodine pentafluoride caused a violent explosion in the cylinders. Exothermic reaction of the limonene inhibitor with the contaminant present in the gas cylinders may have depleted the inhibitor and initiated explosive polymerisation. 

Iodine pentafluoride Benzene Iodine heptafluoride Organic solvents... 

Iodine pentafluoride, Tetrafluoroethylene See Tetrafluoroethylene Iodine pentafluoride, etc. 

Potassium ignites in fluorine and in dry chlorine (unlike sodium). In bromine vapour it incandesces, and explodes violently in liquid bromine. Mixtures with iodine incandesce on heating, and explode weakly on impact. Potassium reacts explosively with molten iodine bromide and iodine, and a mixture with the former is shock-sensitive and explodes strongly. Molten potassium reacts explosively with iodine pentafluoride [1], Contact with iodine trichloride causes ignition [2],... 

Iodine pentafluoride Metals Lead(IV) oxide Metals Nitryl fluoride Metals Potassium perchlorate Metal powders Sodium peroxide Metals See other metals... 

Sodium ignites in fluorine gas but is inert in the liquefied gas [1]. Cold sodium ignites in moist chlorine [2] but may be distilled unchanged in the dry gas [1]. Sodium and liquid bromine appear to be unreactive on prolonged contact [3], but mixtures may be detonated violently by mechanical shock [4]. Finely divided sodium luminesces in bromine vapour [1], Iodine bromide or iodine chloride react slowly with sodium, but mixtures will explode under a hammer-blow [1]. Interaction of iodine pentafluoride with solid sodium is initially vigorous, but soon slows with film-formation, while that with molten sodium is explosively violent... 

---