Chlorine ton containers

Parts of chlorine ton container, tools and procedures, -and safety precautions. 

Repackaged chlorine ton container shipments from the facility are represented by two segments Segment 1 high population density and Segment 2 low population density. 

Chlorine ton container shipments through Segment 2 (low population density) were identified as lower risk. Risk ranking of III-IV. 

The results of this risk analysis indicate that ethylene oxide, non-bnlk shipments of pesticide, and the segment of the chlorine (ton containers) ronted through the low population density can be eliminated from further review. The team also decided that no additional risk mitigation actions were necessary for these transportation activities (and were not reqnired based on the risk ranking). These chemicals and modes of transport will, however, continue to be reviewed and monitored as part of the global risk management program. 

For the segment of the chlorine (ton containers) routed through the medium population density and the entire bulk pesticide transportation route, the team developed recommendations for consideration. These recommendations inclnded the following and are evalnated in Chapter 7 ... 

The Cl-5 type has been added recently. It is applicable to chlorine fuse plugs and cylinder valves. It is not used in chlorine ton container valves because it would interfere with the eductor tube attachment. 

The Chlorine Institute, Instruction Booklets, Chlorine Institute Emergency Kit A for 100-lb, and 150-lb. Chlorine Cylinders, Kit B for Chlorine Ton Containers, Kit C for Chlorine Tank Cars and Tank Trucks , Ed. 8, 1996. 

Propylene oxide in the amount of 5000 tons/yr will be made by the chlorohydrin process. The basic feed material is a hydrocarbon mixture containing 90% propylene and the balance propane which does not react. This material is diluted with spent gas from the process to provide a net feed to chlorination which contains 40 mol % propylene. Chlorine gas contains 3% each of air and carbon dioxide as contaminants. 

Chlorine cylinders are equipped wiili a single valve. Gas is delivered when the tank is in an upright position liquid when the cylinder is in an inverted position. However, liquid withdrawal from cylinders is not usually pracliccd. In Ihc ease of ton containers, two valves are provided, permitting easy w ilhdruw ul of cither gaseous or liquid chlorine. Bulk shipments almost always arc unloaded in the liquid phase. 

Process engineers who have requirements for low flow rates of chlorine can purchase chlorine in 150-pound and one-ton cylinders. These containers are very robust and industries have safely used them for decades. The one-ton cylinders are 1 f> ft. (0.75 m) in diameter and just under 7 ft. (2.1 m) long with extended cylinder walls to protect the valves. Chlorine ton-cylinders are hydrotested at 500 psig (3450 kPa gauge). 

Each chlorine ton cylinder has tliree fusible plugs on each end of the tank to protect it from over-temperature. These plugs are designed to melt between 158° and 165° F (70° to 74 C). They are designed to protect the tank from overpressure if the cylinder is accidentally exposed to fire or other sources of excessive heat. In fact, if you accidentally heal steel containing chlorine to over 483° F (250° C), a steel-in-chlorine fire can be ignited. 

The chemical bleaching of paper pulp is currently performed using chlorine or chlorine dioxide, which for kraft pulp results in the production of between 45 and 90 kg of organic waste/ton of pulp, containing 4-5 kg of organically-bound chlorine/ton. (1,2.) Bleaching of paper... 

Chlorine in bulk rail cars pose a potential for a large accidental consequence zone (regardless of transportation route) and has a much higher consequence potential than repackaged chlorine in 150 pound cylinders or ton containers. 

Escalated for more detailed review Repackaged chlorine in ton containers Bulk and non-bulk pesticide shipments Repackaged chlorine Butadiene and acrylonitrile truck receipts... 

Theft of chlorine cyhnders and ton containers could result in an attack at another location using chlorine as a weapon. While both quantities could result in fatahties, ton containers were ranked as a higher consequence level. 

As part of the semi-quantitative risk analysis report to corporate, the analysis team included an evaluation of the recommended risk mitigation options. For chlorine, the second recommendation was not practical because the end user required ton containers thus, the transport of smaller cylinders was not an option for the customer. Therefore, this recommendation was removed from further consideration. Since ton containers are shipped via truck, an alternate route was discussed with the carrier—a new route that eliminated passing near higher-population densities with little change in the distance or conditions of the route. 

The recommendations for bulk chlorine focused on the theft of repackaged chlorine cylinders and ton containers, and for butadiene the potential for contamination at the production site or in transit before reaching the facility. Figure 7.7 illustrates the results of these recommendations. Chlorine recommendation 1 is labeled as Cl Transit and the other two chlorine options labeled Cl Cyber, which... 

Guidelines for the Safe Motor Vehicular Transport of Chlorine Cylinders and Ton Containers 3 2001... 

About 70% of the chlorine released in bulk transport accidents resulted from damage to valves with no internal sealing mechanism. Such valves are not acceptable under today s standards. The worst accident occurred on a crowded wharf, when a ton container slid into another and broke a bronze cap screwed into the bottom of the second container. This accounted for the fatalities noted above, and 129 persons were hospitalized for chlorine exposure. This bottom-cap arrangement also is no longer allowed. 

The Chlorine Institute provides emergency kits for repair of cylinders (Kit A) and ton containers (Kit B) and for temporary containment of leaks. Users should ensure that their containers are compatible with these kits. When a leaking cylinder cannot be repaired, it should be enclosed in a leakproof recovery vessel and returned to the supplier. Cl Drawing 188 (issue 2, 1993) shows such a vessel. 

Thomerson and Billings [87] describe field tests in which chlorine was released at up to 70kg min from three 1-ton containers. Typical wind velocities were about 9 m s . Relative humidity was very low, the test site being located in the Nevada desert. It is noteworthy that the temperature of the spilled liquid stabilized at about -50 C, well below the boiling point of —34°C. The wind subcooled the liquid, which was collected in a well-insulated pan, and approximately 50% of the chlorine vaporized during a test. The use of downwind water sprays in these tests reduced the concentration of chlorine in the air by an average of 31%. This was attributed to the induction of dilution air by transfer of momentum from the spray. As noted above, the spray also forced the vapor cloud lower, so that the concentration of chlorine at 1.5 m elevation was actually higher for a distance of 230 m fi om the point of release. In these tests, portable fire water monitors performed relatively poorly. 

Dry chlorine, in either the gaseous or liquid state, can be handled satisfactorily in carbon steel containers/cylinders. The dry chlorine is transported in cylinders up to 75 kg capacity or in one-ton containers. All containers, whether empty or full, must be stored in a dry area and protected from external heat sources such as steam pipes. If stored outdoors, they must be protected from direct sunlight, rain and snow. Chlorine containers should be segregate from other compressed gas containers. Containers must never be stored near anhydrous ammonia, hydrocarbons or flammable materials. The storage area must be well ventilated and underground storage must be avoided. 

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