Leaking cylinders

A cylinder leak would release HF to the atmosphere and eventually result in a loss of HF feed to the vaporizer."... 

Odor is probably the most sensitive of the human perceptory organs. Many chemicals can be identified at trace levels from their odor. Odor may serve as an indicator to warn of the presence of highly odorous hazardous substances. However, not all hazardous substances have strong, distinct odors. Also, not all chemicals that have strong odors are hazardous. Nevertheless, it is an immediate firsthand indicator to identify the presence of certain hazardous substances in many dangerous situations, such as spillage, gas cylinder leak, or fire. 

When the nature of the leaking gas or the size of the leak constitutes a more serious hazard, a self-contained breathing apparatus and protective apparel may be required, and personnel may need to be evacuated (see Chapter 5, section 5.C.2). Cylinders leaking toxic gases always require protective equipment and evacuation of personnel. Cylinder coffins are also available to encapsulate leaking cylinders. (See Chapte 5, section 5.G, for more information.)... 

The inflatable prosthesis consists of two fluid-filled cylinders that are surgically implanted within the two erection chambers of the penis. These cylinders are connected by tubing to a pump that is implanted within the scrotum. To achieve an erection, the pump transfers fluid to the cylinders, increasing the intrapenile pressure. Following ejaculation, the fluid returns to the pump from the cylinders. The adjustable size and rigidity make this prosthesis seem more natural. This type of implant may experience mechanical failure there is a 10 to 15 percent failure rate in the first five years. If a cylinder leaks, the fluid inside is saline, which is absorbed by the body... 

If, as a result of hydrostatic tests, a cylinder leaks or shows a permanent expansion that exceeds 10 percent of the total expansion, it must be condemned. Except for TC/DOT-3AL aluminum cylinders approved for ammonia service. 

TROUBLE EXCESSIVE CARBON ON VALVES PROBABLE CAUSE(S) 1. Excessive lube oil. 2. Improper lube oil (too light, high carbon residue). 3. Oil carryover from inlet system or previous stage. 4. Broken or leaking valves causing high temperature. 5. Excessive temperature due to high pressure ratio across cylinders. 

If a gas leak test is called for, the test can take place shortly after the hydrotest, especially on the reciprocator cylinder or centrifugal or rotary compressors, where the gas is tested without end seals. 

Ensure reading on gauge does not increase as the regulator valve is closed Check for crawl due to wear on the regulator valve and seat assembly Ensure no leak between cylinder and regulator... 

The main danger with LPG arises from its flammability. Fire or explosion may be fuelled by gas escape from leaking cylinders, from an appliance which has not been turned off properly, or... 

Cylinders received into store and taken out for delivery should be checked for damage or leakage. Stacks should be inspected daily for stability and that they contain no damaged/leaking cylinders. 

The study found that the slot-type inlet at the bottom of the cabinet door resulted in higher pressure losses (lower CJ than the diffuser or perforated plate inlet. The exhaust configuration had little effect on Q or tracer gas clearance time. The study also concluded that an exhaust rate 0.118 m s for a two-cylinder cabinet was sufficient as little improvement was seen with an increase to 0.165 m s F" The slotted inlet took longer to clear a leak than either the perforated plate or diffuser inlet. Measured coefficients of entry for a two-cylinder gas storage cabinet are shown in Table 10.9. 

After changing a chlorine cylinder, two workers opened the valves to make sure there were no leaks on the connecting pipework. They did not expect to find any, so they did not wear air masks. Unfortunately there were some small leaks, and they were affected by the chlorine. 

Equipment Failure pumps, tubes in heat exchangers and furnaces, turbine drivers and governor, compressor cylinder valves are examples of equipment which might fail and cause overpressure in the process. If an exchanger tube splits or develops a leak, high pressure fluid will enter the low side, overpressuring either the shell or the channels and associated system as the case may be. 

Figure 12-2Q. Cast or nodular iron cylinders for pressures to 1,500 psi. Note double distance-pieces (left, vented or purged, to prevent oil and process gas from leaking past the shaft and right-end fixed clearance pocket). (Used by permission Bui. 85084, 1992. Dresser-Rand Company.)...

Thus, in all compressors of two or more stages, the volumetric efficiency of the low-pressure cylinder determines the volumetric efficiency of the entire compressor (not recognizing packing leaks). ... 

The outlet valves of refillable butane cylinders are different from those of refillable propane cylinders. The valve for propane is a handwheel type, with a female 5/8 in BSP LEFT-HAND thread for a POL metal-to-metal connector. A compatible half-coupling must always be used to ensure a leak-free joint. 

In addition, high temperature surfaces around cylinders and discharge piping are exposed. Compressors are notoriously noisy. For this reason, ear protection should be worn. When working around high-pressurized air systems, wear safety glasses and do not search for leaks with... 

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