Lethal minimal dose

The minimal lethal oral dose in humans was estimated to be 140 mg/kg (Bruce et al. 1987), which is similar to the lethal oral dose for a variety of animal species (see Table 2-2). Regardless of the route of administration, the sequence of events leading to death appears to be similar in a variety of animal species muscle weakness and tremors, loss of coordination, paralysis, convulsions, coma, and... 

Ingestion of lethal amounts causes severe burns of the mouth and throat, marked abdominal pain, cyanosis, muscular weakness, collapse, coma, and death. Tremor, convulsions, and muscle twitching have also occurred. " The minimal lethal oral dose in humans has been estimated to be approximately 140mg/%. ... 

Single-Dose Minimal Effective and Lethal Intramuscular Doses of TAB... 

Based on data from a few cases of acute poisoning with KMn04 when used as an aborticide or to commit suicide, the minimal lethal adult dose is reported as 10 g of solid KMn04 (Barceloux 1999) for a 70-kg adult, this corresponds to 143 mg... 

Because the minimal lethal or toxic dose of LSD is not well established, assessment ofseverity of intoxication should always be made on clinical grounds. The... 

Witkin (1956) reported intravenous (iv), intraperitoneal (i.p.), and oral LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of the animals) values for mice and rats, and i.v. LD50 values for dogs. Similar to hydrazine, the route of administration had minimal... 

EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE It is a lethal anticholinergic agent. Doses which are potentially life threatening may be only slightly larger than those producing minimal effects. 

Only metabolites leached from the cell were affected. Elford and van den Ende reported that ozone at 20 ppm had a lethal effect on some bacteria deposited from aerosol mists on various surfaces. Relative humidity is an important factor, particularly when ozone concentration is low. They found little death at a humidity below 45%, at concentrations of 1 ppm, as opposed to a 90% kill in 30 min at 0.025 ppm with a humidity of around 70%. A 5-min exposure of Bacillus cereus to ozone at 0.12 mg/liter was the minimal lethal dose, whereas 0.10 mg/liter was effective for B. megaterium and E. coli. Spores of the Bacillus sp. were killed by ozone at 2.29 mg/liter. These responses were of the all-or-none type with ozone between 0.4 and 0.5 mg/liter of water. Time of exposure, from 1 to 32 min, was not important. Chlorine was effective at 0.27-0.30 mg/liter, with time an important consideration. These two gases did not affect E. coli in the same way. 

Death. No deaths were reported in humans from inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure to 3,3 -diehloro-benzidine. In animals, 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine eaused no deaths in rats exposed by the inhalation route in eoneentrations as high as 23,700 mg/m for 2 hours per day for 7 days (Gerarde and Gerarde 1974). In addition, the estimated aeute oral LDjg for rats (7,070 mg/kg for the free base and 3,820 mg/kg for the dihydroehloride salt) and the minimum dermal lethal dose for male and female New Zealand albino rabbits (>8,000 mg/kg) for 3,3 -diehlorobenzidine suggested that the lethal toxieity of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine is minimal (Gerarde and Gerarde 1974). Consequently, it is unlikely that death will oeeur in humans exposed to 3,3 -diehlorobenzidine at the levels at whieh it oeeurs at hazardous waste sites. 

The dose of a substrate which is likely to cause death in an organism. It is symbolized by LD and is usually supplemented with a subscript number indicating the percentage of test animals that died the absolute lethal dose is LDioo, the median lethal dose is LD50, and the minimal lethal dose is LD05. These values will vary with the type of test animal and the route of administration hence, that information should always be provided. 

RAPID BUFFER EXCHANGE MINIMAL LETHAL DOSE MINIMAL STRUCTURAL CHANGE, POSTULATE OE... 

Rats exposed to 5.4mg/m of the 54% chlorine compound for 7 hours daily for 4 months showed increased liver weight and injury to liver cells 1.5mg/m for 7 months also produced histopathologic evidence of liver damage, which was considered to be of a reversible character. The minimal lethal dose when the liquid was applied to the skin of rabbits was 1.5 g/kg. The vapor and the liquid are moderately irritating to the eye contact of the chemical with skin leads to removal of natural fats and oils, with subsequent drying and cracking of the skin. ... 

The minimal lethal dose for rabbits by oral administration was 1.25-2 g/kg rapid narcosis and convulsive movements preceded death. Sublethal doses caused narcosis with spasmodic head jerking salivation and lacrimation were also observed hepatocellular degeneration was apparent at autopsy. 

The minimal lethal dose in mice by subcutaneous injection was 180mg/kg animals developed progressive cyanosis and dyspnea before death at autopsy there were degenerative lesions in the liver, kidneys, and other organs, with evidence of vascular damage. ... 

Acute toxicity studies have been performed in various animals mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and macaques.18,20,35,36,40,44 Lethal doses of DMHP are extremely high, in comparison with the small doses required to produce its pharmacodynamic effects. For instance, the intravenous LD50 in mice is 63 mg/kg, whereas the minimal effective dose in 50% of the animals (MED50) is 0.075 mg/kg, for a safety factor of 840. The dose required to produce tranquilization in the unanesthetized dog is 0.05 mg/kg, and the minimal lethal dose is 10 mg/kg by the same route. The margin of safety in the dog is about 200. By comparison, the margin of safety of reserplne is 5.0. 

Two studies found maprotiline to be clearly superior to placebo and two other studies found trends in the same direction ( p < 0.001, combined data) (Table 7-5) (105, 106, 107 and 108). More than 1,600 patients were randomly assigned to either maprotiline or a standard HCA 660 on maprotiline did well, and 247 showed minimal improvement, no change, or worsened. For the HCAs (usually imipramine or amitriptyline), 640 patients did well, and 255 showed minimal improvement, no change, or worsened. In summary, 73% did well with maprotiline, and 72% did well with a standard antidepressant. Combining these data with the Mantel-Haenszel test indicated no difference in efficacy (Table 7-6). Maprotiline has a dose-dependent risk of seizures. As with TCAs and amoxapine, overdoses of maprotiline can be lethal. %... 

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