Chitosan characterisation

Chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are suitable bioplatforms that can be further improved by targeted functionalisation for skin repair. For example, the unique biological properties of chitosan characterised with human cell biocompatibility, human serum biodegradability, non-toxicity, antibacterial and haemostatic properties justify the use of this biopolymer in skin repair processes. The haemostatic activity of chitosan is exploited in early treatment of wounds [28], especially in large injuries subjected to heavy bleeding [29]. Many haemostatic products on the market consist thus, fully or partially, of chitosan. Moreover, chitosan aids to a rapid closure of fuU-thickness wounds due to its supportive effect to the fast growing of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in the injured tissue [30]. Chitin and chitosan can be... 

Katas, H., and Alpar, H.O. (2006) Development and characterisation of chitosan nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. Journal of Controlled Release 115 216-225. 

I. (2003), Spray-dried carbamazepine-loaded chitosan and HPMC microspheres Preparation and characterisation, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 55, 921-931. 

Hydroxybutyric acid-hydroxyvaleric acid copolymer membranes were treated with ozone and grafted with acrylic acid. The membranes were further grafted with chitosan or chitooligosaccharide via esterification and immobilised with hyalmonic acid. Antibacterial activities were investigated. Surface properties were characterised using a water contact angle goniometer. 26 refs. 

Sung JH, Hwang MR et al (2010) Gel characterisation and in vivo evaluation of minocycline-loaded wound dressing with enhanced wound healing using polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan. Int J Pharm 392 232-40... 

MuzzareUi, C., Stanic, V., Gobbi, L., Tosi, G., MuzzareUi, R.A.A., 2004. Spray-drying of solutions containing chitosan together with polyuronans and characterisation of the microspheres. Carbohydrate Polymers 57 (1), 73—82. 

Physicochemical characterisation was characterised of self-assembled nanoparticles based on glycol chitosan-bearing 5p-cholanic acid and their surfactant activity . Fluorescence spectroscopy and pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG-NMR) revealed information concerning the polydispersity of micelle polymers - chiral polymeric surfactants developed over the past decade for use as chiral selectors in the analytical separation of enantiomers . The authors suggest that polydispersity is a crucial factor in understanding the chiral interactions of these species. 

Casettari, L., Castagnino, E., Stolnik, S., Lewis, A., Howdle, S.M., and Ilium, L. Surface characterisation of bioadhesive PLGA/Chitosan microparticles produced by supercritical fluid technology. Pharmaceutical Research 28 (2011) 1668-1682. 

Kosaraju, S.L., D ath, L., and Lawrence, A. 2006. Preparation and characterisation of chitosan microspheres for antioxidant delivery. Carbohydr. Polym. 64 163-167. 

Justin, R., Chen, B. (2014). Characterisation and drug release performance of biodegradable chitosan-graphene oxide nanocomposites,... 

Kaewpirom, S. Boonsang, S. 2006, Electrical response characterisation of poly (ethylene glycol) macromer (PEGM)/chitosan hydrogels in NaCl solution , European Polymer Journal, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1609-1616. 

Rinaudo R., MUas M., Dung M.L., Characterisation of chitosan. Influence of ionic strength and degree of acetylation on chain expansion, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 15(5), 1993, 281-285. 

Tpmmeraas, K., K. M. Varum, B. E. Christensen, and O. Smidsrpd. 2001. Preparation and characterisation of oligosaccharides produced by nitrous acid depolymerisation of chitosans. Carbohydr. Res. 333 137-144. 

Mathew, S. and Abraham, T. E. 2008. Characterisation of ferulic acid incorporated starch-chitosan blend films. Food Hydrocolloids, 22(5) 826-835. 

Kocun M, Grandbois M, Cuccia LA. Single molecule atomic force microscopy and force spectroscopy of chitosan. Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces. 2011 82(2) 470-6. Sitterberg J, Ozcetin A, Ehrhardt C, Bakowsky U. Utilising atomic force microscopy for the characterisation of nanoscale drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2010 74(1) 2-13. 

PU based on the use of pristine castor oil were reviewed in 2010 [9, 10], including preparation and properties of an interpenetrating network with other polymers. Recent additions to this topic include work by Larock and co-workers [13, 14] on waterborne PU and their silica composites a kinetic study of the reaction of castor oil with 4,4 -methylene diphenyl diisocyanate to produce an elastomeric matrix [15] the rheology of waterborne PU dispersions for coating applications, prepared with castor oil and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) [16] (Scheme 3.7) and the synthesis and characterisation of gelled materials arising from the reaction of isocyanate-bearing chitin or chitosan with castor oil [17]. 

Tang YF, Du YM, Hu XW et al (2007) Rheological characterisation of a novel thermosensitive chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend hydrogel. Carbohydr Polym 67 491-499... 

Hafner A, Lovric J, Voinovich D, Fihpovic-Grcic J. Melatonin-loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles Physicochemical characterisation and permeability through Caco-2 cell mono-layers. Int J Pharm. 2009 381(2) 205-13. 

Giovino C, Ayensu I, Tetteh J, Boateng JS. Development and characterisation of chitosan films impregnated with insuhn loaded PEG-b-PLA nanoparticles (NPs) a potential approach for buccal delivery of macromolecules. Int J Pharm. 2012 428(1-2) 143-51. 

Surface functionalisation of biodegradable polylactic acid was achieved by plasma coupling reaction of chitosan. Surfaces were characterised by contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two cell lines were cultured on the modified surface. Potential applications in tissue engineering are mentioned. 36 refs. CHINA SINGAPORE Accession no.906871... 

Blends of chitosan and PEG were prepared and characterised for controlled release of drugs. Structural studies of beads were performed using FTIR and SEM. The swelling behaviour, solubility, hydrolytic degradation and loading capacity of the beads for isoniazid were investigated. 25 refs. 

P.M. Oduor-Odote, M.H. Struszczyk, M.G. Peter, Characterisation of chitosan from blowfly larvae and some crustacean species from Kenyan marine waters prepared under different conditions, Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. ScL, 4 (1), 99-107, 2005. 

K. Nadarajah, T.Y.W. Cheng, Isolation and characterisation of fungal chitosan from Malaysian isolates,/. Pure Appl. Microbiol, 3 (2), 2009. 

S.-B. Lin, Y.-C. Lin, and H.-H. Chen, Low molecular weight chitosan prepared with the aid of cellulase, lysozyme and chitinase Characterisation and antibacterial activity. Food Chemistry, 116 (1), 47-53, 2009. 

The chitosan-modified bacterial cellulose, characterised by unique properties, i.e. bioactivity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, no toxicity and non-allergic action, coimected with good mechanical tenacity, has been found to be a great material for biomedical applications such as dressings for wound healing. ... 

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