Chicken, transgenic

In the case of spontaneous autoimmune diseases mice are the most frequently used animal model. With the advent of transgenic and genetically modified (knockout, KO) mice, the number of genetically predisposed autoimmune models has substantially increased. Other species that have been useful include rats, monkeys, cats, dogs, rabbits, and chickens for some specific forms of autoimmune diseases [4, 5]. 

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBVD) primarily infects poultry. VP2 of IBVD has been expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. While the serum antibody response in chickens fed with leaf extracts worked less efficiently than commercial vaccine (60% versus 90%) it worked just as efficiently (80%) when used in a booster format along with the commercial vaccine (Wu et al., 2004, 2007). In addition to this, tobacco cell cultures have been... 

Wu, J., Yu, L., Long, L., Hu, J., Zhou, J., and Zhou, X. (2007). Oral immunization with transgenic rice seeds expressing VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus induces protective immune responses in chickens. Plant Biotechnol. J. 5(5) 570-578. 

Sumoy, L., Wang, C.K., Lichtler, A.C., Pierro, L.J., Kosher, R.A., Upholt, W.B. 1995. Identification of a spatially specific enhancer element in the chicken Msx-2 gene that regulates its expression in the apical ectodermal ridge of the developing limb buds of transgenic mice. Dev. Biol. 170, 230-242. 

Morrison, A., Chaudhuri, C., Ariza-McNaughton, L., Muchamore, I., Kuroiwa, A., Krumlauf, R. 1995. Comparative analysis of chicken Hoxb-4 regulation in transgenic mice. Mech. Dev. 53, 47-59. 

Etches RJ, Verrinder Gibbins AM. Strategies for the production of transgenic chicken. Methods Mol. Biol., 1997 62 433 50. 

Pain B, Chenevier P, Samarut J. Chicken embryonic stem cells and transgenic strategies. Cells Tissues Organs, 1999 165(3/4) 212-219. 

Dalton TP, Paria BC, Fernando LP, Huet-Hudson YM, Dey SK and Andrews GK (1997) Activation of the chicken metallothionein promoter by metals and oxidative stress in cultured cells and transgenic mice. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 116 75 -86. 

Transgenic mammal milk Transgenic chicken eggs Transgenic plants... 

Transgenic animals for conunerciaUy important protein production have been under scrutiny for a very long time. One of the first transgenic animals reported was sheep, in 1982, for the production of human growth hormone [10]. Today, the types of animals that can be genetically modified are essentially endless, from cattle to pigs, and from chicken to fish, and the traits that researchers and... 

Bonifer, C., Vidal, M., Grosveld, F. Sippel, A.E. (1990). Tissue specific and position independent expression of the complete domain for chicken lysozyme in transgenic mice. EMBO ]., 9, 2843-8. 

The first transgene to be delivered into medaka embryos was the 6-crystalline gene of chicken (10) resulting in transient mosaic expression of the transgene. In 1988, Stuart McMurray, and Westerfield reported the first successful germline transmission and subsequent expression of a transgene on microinjection in a teleost genetic model system (zebrafish (12)). 

Ozato K, Kondoh H, Inohara H, Iwamatsn T, Wakamatsn Y, Okada TS (1986) Production of transgenic fish introdnetion and expression of chicken delta-crystallin gene in medaka embryos. Cell Differ 19 237-244. 

Up to the present the production of transgenic rabbits (113-116), sheep (114,117), pigs (113,114) and chicken (118) has been reported. Attempts to produce transgenic goats (119) and cattle (120-122) have not so far been successful. 

Lee SH, Gupta MK, Han DW et al (2007) Development of transgenic chickens expressing human parathormone under the control of a ubiquitous promoter by using a retrovirus vectra-system. Poult Sci 86 2221-2227... 

Nunes ACS, Kalkmann DC, Aragao FJL (2009) Folate biofratiiicatirai of lettuce by expression of a codon optimized chicken GTP cyclohydrolase I gene. Transgenic Res 18 661-667. doi 10.1007/sl 1248-009-9256-1... 

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