Transgenic fish

Zebrafish Brachydanio/Danio rerio) embryos can be produced in large numbers and carry sufficient nutrients within the egg sack to allow development within micro plate volumes [52, 53]. Mutation frequency has been estimated indirectly using transgenic fish [54[ and UDS, comet, MNT and alkaline filter elution methods have been used effectively [55]. At present, there has been insufficient study of the model to understand predictivity of mammalian genotoxicity, and none of the methods has been demonstrated at throughputs sufficient for hit and lead screening. 

Winn RN, Norris MB, Brayer KJ, et al. Detection of mutations in transgenic fish carrying a bacteriophage lambda ell transgene target. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000 97(23) 12655-12660. 

Transgenic fish were noted as being first introduced into the research community in 1985. Since that time, the use of transgenic fish to refine methods... 

In concert with the mutation assays that are shown in Table 1, the potential use of transgenic fish in the assessment of environmental health risk assessment offers opportunities to further assess the effects of water- and sediment-associated contaminants in the environment. 

Table 1 Various transgenic fish mutation assays...

Shih, P.M.T., R. Winn, M. Norris, K. Brayer and B.S. Shane. Mutagenesis of ethylnitrosourea at the lacl locus in a transgenic fish (Oryzias latipes). Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35(Suppl. 31) 186, 2000. 

Winn, R., M. Norris, K. Brayer, S. Muller and C. Torres. Bacteriophage lambda and plasmid pUR 288 transgenic fish models for detecting in vivo mutations. Mar. Biotechnol. 3 S185—S195, 2001. 

Hall, C., Flores, M. V., Storm, T., Crosier, K., and Crosier, P. (2007) The zebrafish lysozyme C promoter drives myeloid-specific expression in transgenic fish. BMC Dev. Biol. 7, 42. 

Transgenic fish generated with I-Scel show Mendelian segregation of transgene expression in F2, indicating that meganuclease-mediated transgenesis... 

Inoue K, Yamashita S, Hata J, Kabeno S, Asada S, Nagahisa E, Fujita T (1990) Electroporation as a new technique for prodncing transgenic fish. Cell Differ Dev 29 123-128. 

Ozato K, Kondoh H, Inohara H, Iwamatsn T, Wakamatsn Y, Okada TS (1986) Production of transgenic fish introdnetion and expression of chicken delta-crystallin gene in medaka embryos. Cell Differ 19 237-244. 

HSiEH JC, PAN CY, CHEN JY (2010), Tilapia hepcidin (TH)2-3 as a transgene in transgenic fish enhances resistance to Vibrio vulnificus infection and canses variations in immnne-related genes after infection by different bacterial species . Fish Shellfish Immunol, 29,430-9. 

HANG Y (1993),Transgenic fish - gene transfer to increase disease and cold resistance. Aquaculture, 111, 31—40. 

---