Cherries, Plums

2-/3-Methylbutyric acid 0.007 0.0012 Table 18.32. Odorants of cherry juice and jams made  

The important compounds in plums are linalool, benzaldehyde, methyl cinnamate, and y-deca-lactone together with the C6-aldehydes. Benzaldehyde, nonanal, and benzyl acetate contribute to the aroma of canned plums. 

---

The other significant production method for natural benzaldehyde involves the steam distillation of bitter almond oil which has been derived from the kernels of fmit such as apricots, peaches, cherries, plums, or pmnes. The benzaldehyde product obtained in this fashion is claimed to have a superior flavor profile. The use of peach and apricot pits to produce the more profitable product laettile apparently affects the supply available to natural benzaldehyde producers. 

In areas where particular crops are grown continuously, decreases in production with time have been noted. The condition is usually species speciAc, and the disorders which result are frequently referred to as soil-sickness or replant problems. Fruit trees are especially sensitive and the problem has been encountered with apples, peaches, grapes, cherries, plums, and citrus. In most situations, phytotoxicity has been related to the formation of toxic materials as a consequence of the microbial decomposition of plant remains. 

Avocado, grapefruit, orange, apricot, peach, cherry, plum, persimmon, grape, walnut, pecan, cowpea, onion Sensitive (0.75-1.0 ppm)... 

Witkonton and Ercegovich (1972) studied the transformation of chlordimeform in six different fruits following foliar spray application. They found //-chloro-o-formotoluidide was the only major metabolite identified in apples, pears, cherries, plums, strawberries, and peaches. Chemical/Physical. Reacts with acids forming soluble salts (Hartley and Kidd, 1987). 

Cyanogenic glycosides, particularly amygdalin and prunasin, are found in the kernels of apricots, bitter almonds, cherries, plums and peaches. The following are a few other sources of cyanogenic glycosides. 

The simplest and cheapest way to produce supported PaHNL is to use almond meal itself. The step of purification of the enzyme is avoided [43], but low loading of enzyme is the main disadvantage. Other HNLs have also been employed using this crude type of enzyme preparation, such as apple, apricot, cherry, plum [44, 45], peach and loquat [46] meal. However, these catalysts were applied to a minor extent compared with almond meal. 

Anthocyanins are widespread in food plants, with an estimated worldwide consumption of 10000 tonnes from black grapes alone [53]. The anthocyanin content of many fruits and vegetables has been estimated by various methods (Table 16) [56-58]. The main sources of these plant pigments are fresh fruits such as cherries, plums, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, grapes, red currants and black currants. 

In recent years, scientists have found that many synthetic growth regulators will develop fruit in plants. The best of these are 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid. These chemicals are most effective on fruits that have many ovules, such as tomato, squash, egg-plant, and fig. They are usually rather ineffective, however, on peach, cherry, plum, and other stone fruits. Many fruits that can be set by such hormonal compounds also can be set by the gibberellins. In addition, gibberellins can set fruit in some species that do not respond to the other chemicals. 

Hydrocinnamic acid Hydrocinnamic acid Blueberry, kiwi, cherry, plum, apple, pear, chicory,... 

PROP Volatile oil from dried ripe kernels of bitter almonds or from other kernels containing amygdalin, such as apricots, cherries, plums, and especially peaches. Colorless liquid strong almond odor. Bp 179°, d 1.045-1.070 15°. Sidy sol in water sol in fixed oils and propylene glycol insol in glycerin. 

Damage Larvae skeletonize upper leaf surfaces of pears, cherries, plums, and cotoneasters, leaving scorched areas. Young trees may be defoliated and eventually killed. Second generation larvae cause the most... 

Plants Affected Peaches, cherries, plums, and other stone fruits. 

Prunus. See Cherry Plum Prunus armeniaca. See Apricot Prunus avium. See Cherry, sweet Prunus cerasus. See Cherry, sour Prunus domestica. See Plum, European... 

Pentoses maybe present in the urine after eatmg large quantities of fruits such as cherries, plums, or prunes. 

The phytoalexins of the economically important Rosaceae, especially of the subfamily Maloideae, are biphenyls and dibenzofiirans (34). Maloideae include some of the best-known ornamental and edible-fruit plants in the temperate regions of the world. Valuable fruits are apples, pears and stone fruits such as peach, apricot, cherry, plum and almond. Furthermore, strawberries, blackberries and raspberries belong to the subfamily. 

Eau-de-vie is the French name for brandy. It is used there in a rather broad sense and may embrace spirit distilled from wine, cider, perry, marc, cherries, plums or other fruit and also to mixtures of such spirits, or to a blend of any such eau-de-vie with any alcool d industrie" which is a name for either grain or beet alcohol. In view of this all-embracing nature of the term it is customary for a Frenchman to qualify his order for an eau-de-vie by specifying un fine," or fine champagne," or un cognac."... 

Poisoning, particularly in children, from the consumption of the kernels of various fruits is not an uncommon occurrence (39). The seeds of such fruits as the apricot, peach, cherry, plum, and almonds are known to contain cyanogenetic glycosides in which the aglycone is D-mandelo-nitrile (40) as exemplified by amygdalin whose structure is shown in Figure 8. Amygdalin itself is harmless as such, but when the seed is crushed and the pulp moistened, enzymatic hydrolysis rapidly ensues with the concomitant release of HCN. 

Apples and pears are popular choices, but cherries, plums, and damsons can all make up your orchard. What you grow depends on what fruits you want to pick for your household, and which varieties are particularly suited to your conditions and the area that you live in. Cherries, for example, do best in sheltered areas where the rainfall is light. They can make majestic trees—up to 40 ft (12 m) tall—and require plenty of space. All varieties of plum tree flower in spring, so they should be grown in a frost-free site, if possible. 

The flavor of tomatoes is intensified by slowly roasting them in an oven. Cherry tomatoes are the easiest to use (yellow and red varieties work equally well), and cherry plum tomatoes are particularly good. It s worth preparing as many tomatoes as possible at a time, and use as much garlic and herbs as you like. 

Products and Uses An after-harvest fungicide used on fruits such as apples, apricots, bananas, cherries, plums, pears, raisin, and also tomato products. 

Features Apple, apricot, cherry, plum-like flavor Regulatory FDA hCFR 172.515 FEMA GRAS Japan approved as flavoring... 

Cyanidin 3-xyloside Malvidin Delphinidin Pelargonidin strawberries, cherries, plums, cranberry, pomegranate, and raspberry ... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes NFPA Health 1, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Uses Preservative in cosmetics fragrance ingred. in perfumery synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals solvent for many cellulose derivs. and natural and synthetic resins lacquers Features Banana-, cherry-, plum-like flavor Use Level 0.5% max. as benzoic acid in finished... 

Gums - Gums are polysaccharides. They are hardened fluids released out of damaged tree and shmb bark. They are used as emulsifying agents and also as adhesives. Apricot, cherry, plum and others are sources for gum. 

Acids are used in soft drink to balance the sweeteners and to inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and bacteria. Soft drinks are acidified either by the addition of fruit juices or by the inclusion of an acid. The three most commonly used acids are citric, malic, and phosphoric. Other acids such as tartaric and fumaric are also used. Citric acid is found in citrus fruits, blackcurrants, strawberries, and raspberries. Malic acid is found in apples, cherries, plums, and peaches. Phosphoric acid is generally used in cola drinks. 

---