3-methylbutyric acid

Chemical Name 2-Methylbutyric acid 9-ester with 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy-8,8-di-methyl-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b 3,4-b l dipyran-2-one acetate... 

C2jH3 07 67212-74-2) see Alclometasone dipropionate 2 -hydroxy-4 -(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)acetophenone (C,3H] 03 24672-83-1) see Sofalcone 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid ethyl ester (C7H14O3 77-70-3) see Paramethadione 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyronitrile (Ci H NO 4111-08-4) see Paramethadione 5(R)-(hydroxymethyl)-2-cyclopenten-l(R)-ol (C(jH,(,02 143395-28-2) see Abacavir 2-[l-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]acctonitrile (QH9NO 152922-71-9) see Montelukast sodium ( )-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-Af,Af-diethyl-l-phenylcyclo-propanecarboxamide... 

Ganesan B, P Dobrowski, BC Weimer (2006) Identification of the leucine-to-2-methylbutyric acid catabolic pathway of Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 72 4264-4273. 

Mercaptobutane 2-Mercaptoethanethiol 2-Methallyl Chloride 2-Methylallyl Chloride 2-Methyl-Allylchlorid 2-Methylbutanoic Acid 2-Methylbutyric Acid... 

Phoracantha species contained 6-methylsalicylic aldehyde 191, the dis-ubstituted cyclopentene phoracanthal 192, the corresponding alcohol, phora-canthol, and the (E)- and (Z)-stereoisomers of the saturated system. In addition, methyl and ethyl esters of 2-methylbutyric acid and isovaleric acid as well as the macrocyclic lactones decan-9-olide (=phoracantholide I), (Z)-dec-4-en-9-olide (=phoracantholide J) 193, and 11 -hydroxytetradec-5-en-13-olide 194 [8,355, 356]. As shown by independent syntheses of both enantiomers, the natural phoracantholides show ( -configuration [357]. 

Synthesis of (5)-2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric Acid by a Chemoenzymatic Methodology... 

Recently, the synthesis of (5)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid has been reported using the docking/protecting group concept and HNL from Hevea brasiliensis (ffl>HNL) as catalyst (Scheme 8.1). ... 

Fechter, M.H., Gruber, K., Avi, M., Skranc, W., Schuster, C., Pbchlauer, P., Klepp, K.O. and Griengl, H., Stereoselective biocatalytic synthesis of (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid via substrate engineering by using thio-disguised precursors and oxynitrilase catalysis. Chem. Eur. J., 2007,13, 3369. 

METHYLBUTYRIC ACID ISOVALERIC ACID VALERIC ACID... 

In many cases both Kolbe and non-Kolbe products are isolated from a reaction. Carboxylic acids with an a-alkyl substituent show a pronounced dual behaviour. In these cases, an increase in the acid concentration improves the yield of the Kolbe product. An example of the effect of increased substrate concentration is given in Kolbe s classical paper [47] where 2-methylbutyric acid in high concentration affords mostly a dimethylbexane whereas more recent workers [64], using more dilute solutions, obtained both this hydrocarbon and butan-2-ol. Some quantitative data is available (Table 9.2) for the products from oxidation of cyclohexanecar-boxylic acids to show the extent of Kolbe versus non-Kolbe reactions. The range of products is here increased through hydrogen atom abstraction by radical intermediates in the Kolbe reaction, which leads to some of the monomer hydrocarbon... 

Natural aroma chemicals Production via fermentation or enzymatic treatment Oxidation of 2-methylbu-tanol to 2-methylbutyric acid via Acetobacter species... 

C5 Valeric acid Isovaleric acid 2-Methylbutyric acid Glutaric acid... 

Carboxylic acids, acyl chlorides, and sulfonyl chlorides used for deri-vatization of 4-aminophenylalanine and >-4-am i n op h e ny I a I a n i n e are as follows 5-hydantoinacetic acid, / ran, v - 4 - co t i n i n ec a r b o xy I i c acid, isonicotinic acid, 3-pyridinepropionic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 2-butynoic acid, 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid, cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-qui-noxaline carboxylic acid, 5-bromovaleric acid, propargyl chloroformate, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl chloride, 2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride, 3-thiophene-carboxylic acid, 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, 2-thio-pheneacetyl chloride, benzoic acid, furylacrylic acid, 4-nitrophenyl acetic acid, 2,5-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, 4-(di-methylamino)phenylacetic acid, 3-indolepropionic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, naphtha-lenesulfonyl chloride, 4-bromophenylacetic acid, 4-bromobenzoic acid, 2-phenoxybutyric acid, 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid, (l-naphthoxy)acetic acid. 

Eight naturally occurring, structurally related avermectins are produced by Streptomyces avermitilis [7], The avermectin polyketide structure is derived from seven acetate and five propionate residues, together with a single 2-methylbutyric acid or isobutyric acid residue which forms the sec-butyl or isopropyl group attached to the C25 of the spiroketal moiety [8,9] (Fig. 1). The avermectin agly-cone is further modified by glycosylation at C13, with the attachment of two O-methylated oleandrose residues and O-methylation at C5. Thus, S. avermitilis... 

Chemical Name 2-Methylbutyric acid 9-ester with 9,10-dihydro-9,10-... 

Rosenkranz et al. have also identified a total of 13 different CASE biophores and 7 biophobes for Draize eye irritation (Rosenkranz et al., 1998). These included structural features on 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate. In the case of a quantitative prediction of the eye irritation potential of 2-methylbutyric acid, the ocular irritation potential of the chemical was predicted to be high and was assigned a value of 49 CASE units. 

The number of photoelimination reactions that occur in a concerted manner is very small. One of the best-characterized examples does not lead to the formation of a C—C bond between the two a-carbons. Rather, it involves the stereospecific photoelimination of CO from 3,5-cydoheptadienone 15 to 1,3,5-octatriene 16 (Scheme 2.5) [18]. The reaction occurs in a stereospecific manner with the relative stereochemistry of the two a-carbons determining the configuration of the resulting 1,5-double bonds. Another interesting and more relevant example involves the photodecarboxylation of enantiomerically pure aromatic esters derived from (+ )-or (—)-2-methylbutyric acid and 2,4,6-trimethylphenol 17, which occurs with 100% retention of configuration in the product 18. [19] While this is a promising lead that... 

---