Chemiluminescence method

Ternaux and Chamoin described an enhanced chemiluminescence assay method for the determination of acetylcholine [48]. Reaction medium was prepared by mixing 250iu/mL of choline oxidase (100 pL), 2mg/mL of horse-radish peroxidase (50 pL) and 10-120 pM luminol in 100 pL of 0.1 M Tris buffer (pH 8.6), or 100 pL of 10-100 pM 7-dimethylamino-naphthalene-l,2-dicarbonic acid hydrazide, for 10min in 5mL of 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.6). Aqueous 0.325-80 pmol of acetylcho-lineesterase (50 pL) purified on a Sephadex G50 coarse column was mixed with 450 pL of reaction mixture, and the chemiluminescence was measured at 21° C. 

Fan and Zhang determined acetylcholine and choline in rat brain tissue by a fluorescence immunoassay method, making use of immobilized enzymes and chemiluminescence detection [50]. Tissue was homogenized with a 10 fold volume of 0.6 M HC104, the homogenates were kept on ice for 30 min, and then centrifuged at 2000 G for 20 min. The pellets were 

Israel and Lesbats reported a chemiluminescence method for the determination of acetylcholine, and continuous detection of its release from torpedo electric organ synapses and synaptosomes [55], Birman described a new chemiluminescence assay method for the determination of acetylcholineesterase activity with the natural substrate [56], The method involved monitoring the increase in light emission produced by accumulation of choline, or measuring the amount of choline generated. 

A comparison between the chemiluminescence and the radioenzymatic assay methods that are used for the measurement of acetylcholine released from a rat phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm preparation was reported by Ehler et al. [57]. The comparison demonstrated quantitative equivalency and limits of detection for different analytes as 2 pmol. 

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Luminol-based chemiluminescence methods have also been employed for detection of analytes in flowing stream analytical techniques such capillary electrophoresis (282), flow injection analyses, and hplc (267). AppHcations of the enhanced luminol methodology to replace radioassay methods have been developed for a number of immunological labeling techniques (121,283). 

The biological and medical sciences are ripe for iastmmentation advances. Whereas most immunoassays (qv) use radioactive materials, the implementation of chemiluminescent methods, enzyme techniques, and electrochemical methods is expected to become more important. New and better noninvasive methods of iavestigation are expected to become more routine. In addition, real-time measurements, whereby analyses of a number of... 

The mathematical model was based on the scheme utilized in chemiluminescent method that was supplement with the reactions of radicals, formed of inhibitor molecules - AO. 

Describe the potential interferences (a) in the nondispersive infrared (NDIR) method for measuring CO and (b) in the chemiluminescent method for measuring NO2. 

The chemiluminescent method is very sensitive and is used in air quality monitoring. 

Assayed by the luminol chemiluminescence method (Puget and Michelson, 1974). One unit corresponds to 0.35 unit of the cytochrome c method (McCord and Fridvich, 1969). 

Tawa, R., and Sakurai, H. (1997). Determination of four active oxygen species such as H2O2, OH, OJ and 02 by luminol-and CLA-chemiluminescence methods and evaluation of antioxidative effects of hydroxybenzoic acid. Anal. Lett. 30 2811-2825. 

Vichutinsky, "Chemiluminescent Methods for the Determination of the Absolute Magnitude of the Termination Rate Constants of Peroxide Radicals in the Liquid Phase , PA Tech Translation 66(1967) 17) R. Czerepinski G.H. 

These results encouraged further efforts in the development of the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent method for HPLC-detectors. 

Though we and others (27-29) have demonstrated the utility and the improved sensitivity of the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence method for analyte detection in RP-HPLC separations for appropriate substrates, a substantial area for Improvement and refinement of the technique remains. We have shown that the reactions of hydrogen peroxide and oxalate esters yield a very complex array of reactive intermediates, some of which activate the fluorophor to its fluorescent state. The mechanism for the ester reaction as well as the process for conversion of the chemical potential energy into electronic (excited state) energy remain to be detailed. Finally, the refinement of the technique for routine application of this sensitive method, including the optimization of the effi-ciencies for each of the contributing factors, is currently a major effort in the Center for Bioanalytical Research. 

Hydroperoxides are formed in each polymer containing aliphatic hydrocarbon chains on standing by various initiators, including light, heat, etc. This may be well detected by the non-isothermal chemiluminescence method in nitrogen. The analytical possibilities of this approach have not been fully utilized until recently [17],... 

Comparison of chemiluminescence isothermal runs with oxygen uptake and DSC measurements has been at the centre of interest since practical industrial applications of the chemiluminescence method were attempted. It is a fact that the best comparison may be achieved when studying polymers that give a distinct induction time of oxidation typical for autoaccelerating curves of a stepwise developing oxidation. This is the particular case of polyolefins, polydienes and polyamides. The theoretical justification for the search of a mutual relationship between the oxidation runs found by the various methods follows directly from the kinetic analysis of the Bolland-Gee scheme of polymer oxidation. 

The same may be observed with magnesium carbonate in cellulose [70] (Figure 26). The chemiluminescence intensity at a given temperature increases with pH of the sample almost linearly. As it is evidenced by DSC, the sample with pH 7.2 is the least stable. Figure 26 is also a demonstration of the much higher sensitivity of the chemiluminescence method when compared with DSC. DSC exotherms, which accompany the final stages of the cellulose decomposition... 

V.Ya. Shlyapintokh, O.N. Karpukhin, L.M. Postnikov, I.V. Zakharov, A.A. Vichutinskii and V.F. Tsepalov, Chemiluminescence Methods of Investigation of Slow Chemical Processes (in Russian), Publishing House Nauka, Moscow, 1966. 

In recent years, the chemiluminescence method has been developed for the determi-... 

A.M. Jimenez and M J. Navas, Crit. Chemiluminescent methods in agro-chemical analysis. Rev. Anal. Chem. 27, 291-305 (1997). 

The 02, radical can act as an oxidant as well as a reductant and chemical estimates of its production can also be based on its ability to oxidize epinephrine to adren-ochrome [62], These chemical methods have the additional advantage of not requiring highly specialized equipments. Also based on its redox property, the 02 radical can be determined by chemiluminescence methods through the measurement of the intensity of the fluorescence radiation emitted after chemical oxidation of 02 by, e.g., lucigenin [63-67], These methods, however, are limited by the poor selectivity and lack of capability for in-vivo performance. 

Olas and Wachowicz (2002) investigated the effects of tranx-resveratrol and vitamin C on oxidative stress in blood platelets. The level of 02 in control blood platelets and platelets incubated with resveratrol or vitamin C was recorded using a chemiluminescence method. On the other hand, Oh and others (2006) reported the x02 quenching activities of various freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices by measuring their inhibitory effects on the rubrene oxidation induced by x02 from disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide by sodium molybdate in a microemulsion system. 

The classical chemiluminescence method using a luminol-hydrogen peroxide system [341,348] is thought to be a promising method for the shipboard analysis of iron because it is highly sensitive to iron and requires only a small... 

MA DeLuca, ed. Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence, Methods in Enzymol-ogy. Vol 57. New York Academic Press, 1978. 

Therefore, chemiluminescent methods using an acridinium ester-labeled cDNA probe allow the discrimination of a mismatched DNA sequence in a homogeneous assay. 

Oosthuizen and Greyling [93] recently investigated the possibility of using chemiluminescent methods for hydroxyl radical detection. These authors concluded that the lifetime of hydroxyl radicals (10 9 s) is too short to produce a meaningful level of CL. However, in the presence of carbonate the significant levels of luminol- and MCLA-amplified CL were observed supposedly due to Reaction (18), in which the formed much more stable radical C03- is capable of interacting with luminol or MCLA. 

The reaction of NO with a wide variety of enamines, derived from the respective aldehydes and ketones can produce N-hydroxy-N-nitrosamine (Scheme 3.10) [137]. These compounds are relatively stable to thermal decomposition and do not release copious volumes of NO upon adding to concentrated mineral acids. However, on dissolution in aqueous buffer at pH 7.4 and 37 °C, a slow release of NO could be detected by the chemiluminescence method. 

The determination of nitrogen in petroleum products is performed regularly by the Kjeldahl method (ASTM D3228), the Dumas method, and the microcoulomet-ric (ASTM D3431) method. The chemiluminescence method is the most recent technique applied to nibogen analysis for petroleum and is used to determine the amount of chemically bound nitrogen in liquid samples. 

McKee, H. C., R. E. Childers, and V. B. Parr. Cdlabroative Study of Reference Method for Measurement of Photochemical Oxidants in the Atmosphere (Ozone-Ethylene Chemiluminescent Method) EPA 650/4-75-016. San Antonio, Texas Southwest Research Institute, 1975. 49 pp. 

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