Immunoassay fluorescence

Fluorescence Immunoassay. Basic FIA follows the same formats and approaches as EIA. The difference Hes in the indicator a fluotophote is used instead of an enzyme. This allows direct quantification of the indicatot—antibody—antigen complex, or free indicator-reagent, without the need for a substrate. 

Lanthanide luminescence apphcations have already reached industrial levels of consumption. Additionally, the strongly specific nature of the rare-earths energy emissions has also led to extensive work in several areas such as photostimulable phosphors, lasers (qv), dosimetry, and fluorescent immunoassay (qv) (33). 

Schobel, U., Egelhaaf, H. J., Brecht, A., Oelkrug, D. and Gauglitz, G. (1999). New donor-acceptor pair for fluorescent immunoassays by energy transfer. Bioconjug. Chem. 15, 1107-14. 

The versatility of luminescence goes beyond intensity-, wavelength- and kinetic-based measurements. Fluorescence polarization (or anisotropy) is an additional parameter still largely unexplored for optical sensing yet widely used in Biochemistry to study the interaction of proteins, the microfluidity of cell membranes and in fluorescence immunoassays. Although only a few optosensors based on luminescence polarization measurements can be found in the literature, elegant devices have recently been reported to measure chemical parameters such as pFI or O2 even with the bare eye41. 

Diamandis, E.P., and Christopoulos, T.K. (1990) Europium chelate labels in time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays and DNA hybridization assays (Review). Anal. Chem. 62, 1149-1157. 

Khanna, P.L., and Ullman, E.F. (1980) 4, 5 -dimethoxy-6-carboxyfluorescein A novel dipole-dipole coupled fluorescence energy transfer acceptor useful for fluorescence immunoassays. Anal. Biochem. 108,156. 

Using the same PAbs an optical biosensor system has been developed for 2,4,6-TCP [224]. The principle is the detection of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in single microdroplets by a homogeneous quenching fluorescence immunoassay (QFIA). The competitive immunoassay occurs in microdroplets (d=58.4 mm) produced by a piezoelectric generator system. A continuous Ar ion laser (488 nm) excites the fluorescent tracer and its fluorescence is detected by a spectrometer attached to a cooled, charge-coupled device (CCD) camera... 

TIRF Total internal reflection fluorescence immunoassay WWTPs Wastewater treatment plants... 

Binding assays including the following immunoassays such as radio immunoassay (RIA), fluorescence immunoassay (FIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIO), enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA and EMIT)... 

Beckman Robotic Biomek 1000 automated laboratory The Biomek 1000 integrates the work formerly done by four instruments sample preparation system, diluter/dispenser, plate washer and a spectrometer finish. In can handle assays such as radio-immunoassays (RIA), fluorescence immunoassays (FIA), enzyme immunoassays EIA and enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA). 

Sin KK, Chan CPY, Pang TH et al (2006) A highly sensitive fluorescent immunoassay based on avidin-labeled nanocrystals. Anal Bioanal Chem 384 638-644... 

Shtoyko T, Matveeva EG, Chang IF, Gryczynski Z, Goldys E, Gryczynski I (2008) Enhanced fluorescent immunoassays on silver fractal-like structures. Anal Chem 80 1962-1966... 

Barnett A, Matveeva EG, Gryczynski I, Gryczynski Z, Goldys EM (2007) Coupled plasmon effects for the enhancement of fluorescent immunoassays. Phys B Condens Matter 394 297-300... 

Matveeva EG, Gryczynski I, Barnett A, Leonenko Z, Lakowicz JR, Gryczynski Z (2007) Metal particle-enhanced fluorescent immunoassays on metal mirrors. Anal Biochem 363 239-245... 

Finally, fluorescence immunoassay is a method of major importance for biochemical... 

Albers and Marcovina (A9) recommended the use of well-selected monoclonal antibodies and of a common calibrator to solve some of these problems. According to Kottke et al. (K32), a particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay is a method of choice for quantitation, and the concentration should be expressed as moles of apo-B. 

The aim of this chapter is to discuss fluorescence concepts that are used in selected immunoassay applications. The primary focus is on fluorescence topics of recent interest that provide insight into the characteristic properties of antibodies and antigens in immunoassays, or that describe enhancements in immunoassay technologies. The basic reagents and instrumentation required for immunoassay purposes are discussed first, followed by a brief description of immunoassay formats. The principles that are utilized in various fluorescence immunoassay technologies are outlined with specific examples and their significance. Since it is beyond the scope of this chapter to review all of the applications of fluorescence immunoassays, apologies are extended to authors that this chapter fails to cite. A number of comprehensive treatments of fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) applications and related topics are available. 18 ... 

Fluorescence immunoassays require labeling of antibodies, antigens, or both. The structure and some of the properties of antibodies that are important to the construction of immunoassays are briefly discussed first in this section, followed by a general discussion of probes and some of their characteristics. 

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